Red Hat Linux 8.0: The Official Red Hat Linux System Administration Primer
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Index

Symbols

/etc/fstab file

enabling disk quotas with, Modifying /etc/fstab

mounting file systems with, Mounting File Systems Automatically with /etc/fstab

updating, Updating /etc/fstab

/etc/group file

group, role in, /etc/group

user account, role in, /etc/group

/etc/gshadow file

group, role in, /etc/gshadow

user account, role in, /etc/gshadow

/etc/hosts.lpd file, Printer Sharing with LPRng and the /etc/hosts.lpd File

/etc/mtab file, Viewing /etc/mtab

/etc/passwd file

group, role in, /etc/passwd

user account, role in, /etc/passwd

/etc/printcap file, An Example Setup

/etc/shadow file

group, role in, /etc/shadow

user account, role in, /etc/shadow

/proc/mdstat file, Checking Array Status With /proc/mdstat

/proc/mounts file, Viewing /proc/mounts

A

account

See user account

automation

overview of, Automate Everything

B

backups

AMANDA backup software, The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver (AMANDA)

building software, Backup Software: Buy Versus Build

buying software, Backup Software: Buy Versus Build

data-related issues surrounding, Different Data: Different Backup Needs

introduction to, Backups

media types, Backup Media

disk, Disk
network, Network
tape, Tape

restoration issues, Restoration Issues

bare metal restorations, Restoring From the Bare Metal
testing restoration, Testing Backups

schedule, modifying, Modifying the Backup Schedule

storage of, Storage of Backups

technologies used, Backup Technologies

cpio, cpio
dump, dump/restore: Not Recommended!
tar, tar

types of, Types of Backups

differential backups, Differential Backups
full backups, Full Backups
incremental backups, Incremental Backups

bandwidth-related resources

See resources, system, bandwidth

business, knowledge of, Know Your Business

C

cache memory, Cache Memory

capacity planning, Monitoring System Capacity

CD-ROM

file system

See ISO 9660 file system

centralized home directory, Home Directories

chage command, User Account and Group Applications

forcing password expiration with, New User Passwords

chfn command, User Account and Group Applications

chgrp command, File Permission Applications

chmod command, File Permission Applications

chown command, File Permission Applications

chpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications

color laser printers, Color Laser Printers

communication

necessity of, Communicate as Much as Possible

conventions

document, Document Conventions

CPU power

See resources, system, processing power

D

daisy-wheel printers

See impact printers

data

shared access to, Who Can Access Shared Data, Where Users Access Shared Data

device

file names, Device Files

naming convention, Device Naming Conventions

partition, Partition

type, Device Type

IDE, IDE
SCSI, SCSI

unit, Unit

whole-device access, Whole-Device Access

df command, The df Command, Using df

disaster planning, Planning for Disaster

power, backup, Backup Power

generator, Providing Power For the Next Few Hours (and Beyond)
motor-generator set, Providing Power For the Next Few Seconds
outages, extended, Planning for Extended Outages
UPS, Providing Power For the Next Few Minutes

types of disasters, Types of Disasters

air conditioning, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
application failures, Application Failures
building integrity, Building Integrity
electrical, Electricity
electricity, quality of, Power Quality
electricity, security of, The Security of Your Power
environmental failures, Environmental Failures
hardware failures, Hardware Failures
heating, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
human errors, Human Errors
HVAC, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
improper repairs, Improperly-Repaired Hardware
improperly-used applications, Improper Use of Applications
maintenance-related errors, Mistakes Made During Maintenance
misconfiguration errors, Misconfiguration Errors
mistakes during procedures, Mistakes Made During Procedures
operating system crashes, Crashes
operating system failures, Operating System Failures
operating system hangs, Hangs
operator errors, Operations Personnel Errors
procedural errors, Failure to Follow Procedures
service technician errors, Service Technician Errors
software failures, Software Failures
system administrator errors, System Administrator Errors
user errors, End-User Errors
ventilation, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
weather-related, Weather and the Outside World

disaster recovery

backup site, Backup Sites: Cold, Warm, and Hot

network connectivity to, Network Connectivity to The Backup Site
staffing of, Backup Site Staffing

backups, availability of, Availability of Backups

end of, Moving Back Toward Normalcy

hardware availability, Hardware and Software Availability

introduction to, Disaster Recovery

plan, creating, testing, implementing, Creating, Testing, and Implementing a Disaster Recovery Plan

software availability, Hardware and Software Availability

disk drives, Hard Drives

disk quotas

assigning, Assigning Quotas

enabling, Enabling Disk Quotas

/etc/fstab, modifying, Modifying /etc/fstab
quotacheck command, running, Running quotacheck

introduction to, Implementing Disk Quotas

management of, Managing Disk Quotas

quotacheck command, using to check, Keeping Quotas Accurate With quotacheck
reporting, Reporting on Disk Quotas

overview of, Some Background on Disk Quotas

disk space

See storage

documentation, necessity of, Document Everything

dot-matrix printers

See impact printers

E

execute permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
expiration of password, forcing, New User Passwords
EXT2 file system, EXT2
EXT3 file system, EXT3

F

file names

device, Device Files

free command, free

G

GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

conflicts over, The UID/GID Conundrum

gnome-system-monitor command, gnome-system-monitor — A Graphical top

gpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications

group

files controlling, Files Controlling User Accounts and Groups

/etc/group, /etc/group
/etc/gshadow, /etc/gshadow
/etc/passwd, /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow, /etc/shadow

GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

conflicts over, The UID/GID Conundrum

management of, Managing Accounts and Groups

permissions related to, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

execute, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
read, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
setgid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
setuid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
sticky bit, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
write, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

shared data access using, Groups and Shared Data

structure, determining, Determining Group Structure

system GIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

system UIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

tools for managing, User Account and Group Applications

gpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications
groupadd command, User Account and Group Applications
groupdel command, User Account and Group Applications
groupmod command, User Account and Group Applications
grpck command, User Account and Group Applications

UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

conflicts over, The UID/GID Conundrum

group ID

See GID

groupadd command, User Account and Group Applications

groupdel command, User Account and Group Applications

groupmod command, User Account and Group Applications

grpck command, User Account and Group Applications

H

hard drives, Hard Drives

hardware

failures of, Hardware Failures

service contracts, Service Contracts

availability of parts, Parts Availability
budget for, Available Budget
coverage hours, Hours of Coverage
depot service, Depot Service
drop-off service, Depot Service
hardware covered, Hardware to be Covered
on-site technician, Zero Response Time — Having an On-Site Technician
response time, Response Time
walk-in service, Depot Service

skills necessary to repair, Having the Skills

spares

keeping, Keeping Spare Hardware
stock, quantities, How Much to Stock?
stock, selection of, What to Stock?
swapping hardware, Spares That Are Not Spares

home directory

centralized, Home Directories

I

IDE disk drive

adding, Adding IDE Disk Drives

overview of, IDE

impact printers, Impact Printers

consumables, Impact Printer Consumables

daisy-wheel, Impact Printers

dot-matrix, Impact Printers

line, Impact Printers

inkjet printers, Inkjet Printers

consumables, Inkjet Consumables

iostat command, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

isag command, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

ISO 9660 file system, ISO 9660

L

laser printers, Laser Printers

color, Color Laser Printers

consumables, Laser Consumables

line printers

See impact printers

M

managing

printers, Printers and Printing

memory

resource utilization of, Physical and Virtual Memory

virtual memory, Basic Virtual Memory Concepts

active list, The Working Set, Active List and Inactive List
backing store, Backing Store — the Central Tenet of Virtual Memory
inactive list, The Working Set, Active List and Inactive List
overview of, Virtual Memory in Simple Terms
page faults, Page Faults
performance of, Virtual Memory Performance Implications
performance, best case, Best Case Performance Scenario
performance, worst case, Worst Case Performance Scenario
swapping, Swapping
virtual address space, Virtual Memory: the Details
working set, The Working Set, Active List and Inactive List

monitoring

resources, Resource Monitoring

system performance, System Performance Monitoring

mount points

See storage, file system, mount point

mounting file systems

See storage, file system, mounting

mpstat command, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

MSDOS file system, MSDOS

N

NFS

data sharing with, Where Users Access Shared Data

NFS file system, NFS

P

page faults, Page Faults

partition, Partition

attributes of, Partition Attributes

geometry, Geometry
type, Partition Type
type field, Partition Type Field

creation of, Partitioning

extended, Extended Partitions

logical, Logical Partitions

overview of, Partitions

primary, Primary Partitions

passwd command, User Account and Group Applications

password

forcing expiration of, New User Passwords

security related to, Password Security

permissions, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

tools for managing

chgrp command, File Permission Applications
chmod command, File Permission Applications
chown command, File Permission Applications

philosophy of system administration, The Philosophy of System Administration

physical memory

See memory

planning, importance of, Plan Ahead

Printer Configuration Tool, Printer Configuration and Setup

printer description languages (PDL), Printer Languages and Technologies

Interpress, Printer Languages and Technologies

PCL, Printer Languages and Technologies

PostScript, Printer Languages and Technologies

printers

access control, Printer Sharing and Access Control

additional resources, Additional Resources

administration

/etc/hosts.lpd, Printer Sharing with LPRng and the /etc/hosts.lpd File
CUPS, Printer Sharing with CUPS and lpadmin
lpadmin, Printer Sharing with CUPS and lpadmin
LPRng, Printer Sharing with LPRng and the /etc/hosts.lpd File

and Red Hat Linux, Printer Configuration and Setup

color, Inkjet Printers

CMYK, Inkjet Printers
inkjet, Inkjet Printers
laser, Color Laser Printers

configuration, Printer Configuration and Setup

access control, Printer Sharing and Access Control
Samba, Printer Sharing with Samba
sharing, Printer Sharing and Access Control

considerations, Printing Considerations

duplex, Function

languages

See printer description languages (PDL)

local, Networked Versus Local Printers

managing, Printers and Printing

networked, Networked Versus Local Printers

setup, An Example Setup

sharing, Printer Sharing and Access Control

types, Types of Printers

color laser, Color Laser Printers
daisy-wheel, Impact Printers
dot-matrix, Impact Printers
dye-sublimation, Other Printer Types
impact, Impact Printers
inkjet, Inkjet Printers
laser, Laser Printers
line, Impact Printers
solid ink, Other Printer Types
thermal wax, Other Printer Types

processing power, resources related to

See resources, system, processing power

Q

quota, disk

See disk quotas

quotacheck command

checking quota accuracy with, Keeping Quotas Accurate With quotacheck

usage of, Running quotacheck

R

RAID

arrays

management of, Day to Day Management of RAID Arrays
raidhotadd command, use of, Rebuilding a RAID array with raidhotadd
rebuilding, Rebuilding a RAID array with raidhotadd
status, checking, Checking Array Status With /proc/mdstat

arrays, creating, Creating RAID Arrays

after installation time, After Red Hat Linux Has Been Installed
at installation time, While Installing Red Hat Linux

creating arrays

See RAID, arrays, creating

implementations of, RAID Implementations

hardware RAID, Hardware RAID
software RAID, Software RAID

introduction to, RAID-Based Storage

levels of, RAID Levels

nested RAID, Nested RAID Levels
RAID 0, RAID 0
RAID 0, advantages of, Advantages to RAID 0
RAID 0, disadvantages of, Disadvantages to RAID 0
RAID 1, RAID 1
RAID 1, advantages of, Advantages to RAID 1
RAID 1, disadvantages of, Disadvantages to RAID 1
RAID 5, RAID 5
RAID 5, advantages of, Advantages to RAID 5
RAID 5, disadvantages of, Disadvantages to RAID 5

nested RAID, Nested RAID Levels

overview of, Basic Concepts

raidhotadd command, use of, Rebuilding a RAID array with raidhotadd

RAM, Main Memory — RAM

read permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

recursion

See recursion

resource monitoring, Resource Monitoring

capacity planning, Monitoring System Capacity

concepts behind, Basic Concepts

system capacity, Monitoring System Capacity

system performance, System Performance Monitoring

tools

free, free
gnome-system-monitor, gnome-system-monitor — A Graphical top
iostat, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
isag, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
mpstat, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sa, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sa1, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sa2, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sadc, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sar, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sysstat, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
top, top

tools used, Resource Monitoring Tools

resources, importance of, Know Your Resources

resources, system

bandwidth, Bandwidth and Processing Power

buses role in, Buses
buses, examples of, Examples of Buses
capacity, increasing, Increase the Capacity
datapaths, examples of, Examples of Datapaths
datapaths, role in, Datapaths
load, reducing, Reduce the Load
load, spreading, Spread the Load
overview of, Bandwidth
problems related to, Potential Bandwidth-Related Problems
solutions to problems with, Potential Bandwidth-related Solutions

processing power, Bandwidth and Processing Power

application overhead, reducing, Reducing Application Overhead
application use of, Applications
applications, eliminating, Eliminating Applications Entirely
capacity, increasing, Increasing Capacity
consumers of, Consumers of Processing Power
CPU, upgrading, Upgrading the CPU
facts related to, Facts About Processing Power
load, reducing, Reducing the Load
O/S overhead, reducing, Reducing Operating System Overhead
operating system use of, The Operating System
overview of, Processing Power
shortage of, improving, Improving a CPU Shortage
SMP, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You?
symmetric multiprocessing, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You?
upgrading, Upgrading the CPU

S

sa command, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

sa1 command, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

sa2 command, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

sadc command, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

Samba

and printers, Printer Sharing with Samba

sar command, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

SCSI disk drive

adding, Adding SCSI Disk Drives

overview of, SCSI

security

importance of, Security Cannot be an Afterthought

password related, Password Security

setgid permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

setuid permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

SMP, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You?

sticky bit permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

storage

adding, Adding Storage

/etc/fstab, updating, Updating /etc/fstab
backup schedule, modifying, Modifying the Backup Schedule
formatting, Formatting the Partition(s)
hardware, installing, Installing the Hardware
IDE disk drive, Adding IDE Disk Drives
partitioning, Partitioning
SCSI disk drive, Adding SCSI Disk Drives

disk quotas

See disk quotas

file system, File System Basics

/etc/mtab file, Viewing /etc/mtab
/proc/mounts file, Viewing /proc/mounts
df command, using, The df Command
display of mounted, Seeing What is Mounted
EXT2, EXT2
EXT3, EXT3
ISO 9660, ISO 9660
mount point, Mount Points
mounting, Mounting File Systems
mounting with /etc/fstab file, Mounting File Systems Automatically with /etc/fstab
MSDOS, MSDOS
NFS, NFS
overview of, An Overview of File Systems
VFAT, VFAT

management of, Managing Storage

monitoring, Monitoring Disk Space

df command, using, Using df

partition

attributes of, Partition Attributes
extended, Extended Partitions
geometry of, Geometry
logical, Logical Partitions
overview of, Partitions
primary, Primary Partitions
type field, Partition Type Field
type of, Partition Type

patterns of access, Storage Access Patterns

RAID-based

See RAID

removing, Removing Storage

data, removing, Moving Data Off the Disk Drive
erasing contents, Erase the Contents of the Disk Drive

technologies, The Storage Spectrum

backup storage, Off-Line Backup Storage
cache memory, Cache Memory
CPU registers, CPU Registers
disk drive, Hard Drives
hard drive, Hard Drives
L1 cache, Cache Levels
L2 cache, Cache Levels
main memory, Main Memory — RAM
off-line storage, Off-Line Backup Storage
RAM, Main Memory — RAM

swapping, Swapping

symmetric multiprocessing, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You?

sysstat, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools

system administration

philosophy of, The Philosophy of System Administration

automation, Automate Everything
business, Know Your Business
communication, Communicate as Much as Possible
documentation, Document Everything
planning, Plan Ahead
resources, Know Your Resources
security, Security Cannot be an Afterthought
unexpected occurrences, Expect the Unexpected
users, Know Your Users

system performance monitoring, System Performance Monitoring

system resources

See resources, system

T

tools

groups, managing

See group, tools for managing

resource monitoring, Resource Monitoring Tools

free, free
gnome-system-monitor, gnome-system-monitor — A Graphical top
iostat, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
isag, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
mpstat, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sa, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sa1, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sa2, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sadc, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sar, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
sysstat, The sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools
top, top

user accounts, managing

See user account, tools for managing

top command, top

U

UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

conflicts over, The UID/GID Conundrum

unexpected, preparation for, Expect the Unexpected

user account

creation of, The Process of Creating User Accounts

files controlling, Files Controlling User Accounts and Groups

/etc/group, /etc/group
/etc/gshadow, /etc/gshadow
/etc/passwd, /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow, /etc/shadow

GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

conflicts over, The UID/GID Conundrum

home directory

centralized, Home Directories

management of, Managing Accounts and Groups

password

forcing expiration of, New User Passwords
security related to, Password Security

permissions related to, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

execute, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
read, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
setgid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
setuid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
sticky bit, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions
write, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

resources, management of, Managing User Resources

shared data access, Who Can Access Shared Data

system GIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

system UIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

tools for managing, User Account and Group Applications

chage command, User Account and Group Applications
chfn command, User Account and Group Applications
chpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications
passwd command, User Account and Group Applications
useradd command, User Account and Group Applications
userdel command, User Account and Group Applications
usermod command, User Account and Group Applications

UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs

conflicts over, The UID/GID Conundrum

user ID

See UID

useradd command, User Account and Group Applications

user account creation using, The Process of Creating User Accounts

userdel command, User Account and Group Applications

usermod command, User Account and Group Applications

users

importance of, Know Your Users

V

VFAT file system, VFAT

virtual address space, Virtual Memory: the Details

virtual memory

See memory

W

Windows

sharing

printers, Printer Sharing with Samba

write permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions