install-guide/F-7/en_US abouttoinstall.xml, NONE, 1.1 acknowledgements.xml, NONE, 1.1 adminoptions.xml, NONE, 1.1 before-begin.xml, NONE, 1.1 beginninginstallation.xml, NONE, 1.1 bootloader.xml, NONE, 1.1 diskpartitioning.xml, NONE, 1.1 entities.xml, NONE, 1.1 expert-quickstart.xml, NONE, 1.1 firstboot.xml, NONE, 1.1 install-guide.xml, NONE, 1.1 installingpackages.xml, NONE, 1.1 intro.xml, NONE, 1.1 locale.xml, NONE, 1.1 networkconfig.xml, NONE, 1.1 new-users.xml, NONE, 1.1 nextsteps.xml, NONE, 1.1 old-intro.xml, NONE, 1.1 other-instmethods.xml, NONE, 1.1 packageselection.xml, NONE, 1.1 preparing-media.xml, NONE, 1.1 pxe-server.xml, NONE, 1.1 rootpassword.xml, NONE, 1.1 rpm-info.xml, NONE, 1.1 techref.xml, NONE, 1.1 timezone.xml, NONE, 1.1 upgrading.xml, NONE, 1.1 welcome.xml, NONE, 1.1
Paul W. Frields (pfrields)
fedora-docs-commits at redhat.com
Sun Sep 2 16:31:57 UTC 2007
Author: pfrields
Update of /cvs/docs/install-guide/F-7/en_US
In directory cvs-int.fedora.redhat.com:/tmp/cvs-serv7717/F-7/en_US
Added Files:
abouttoinstall.xml acknowledgements.xml adminoptions.xml
before-begin.xml beginninginstallation.xml bootloader.xml
diskpartitioning.xml entities.xml expert-quickstart.xml
firstboot.xml install-guide.xml installingpackages.xml
intro.xml locale.xml networkconfig.xml new-users.xml
nextsteps.xml old-intro.xml other-instmethods.xml
packageselection.xml preparing-media.xml pxe-server.xml
rootpassword.xml rpm-info.xml techref.xml timezone.xml
upgrading.xml welcome.xml
Log Message:
Add F-7 branch dir and files to IG module
--- NEW FILE abouttoinstall.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-abouttoinstall">
<title>About to Install</title>
<para>
No changes are made to your computer until you click the
<guilabel>Next</guilabel> button. If you abort the installation
process after that point, the &FC; system will be incomplete and
unusable. To return to previous screens to make different choices,
select <guilabel>Back</guilabel>. To abort the installation, turn
off the computer.
</para>
<important>
<title>Aborting Installation</title>
<para>
In certain situations, you may be unable to return to previous
screens. &FC; notifies you of this restriction and allows you to
abort the installation program. You may reboot with the
installation media to start over.
</para>
</important>
<para>
Click <guilabel>Next</guilabel> to begin the installation.
</para>
<!-- SE: Check this - it doesn't seem to happen on FC5 test2.
<para>
If your installation requires more than one disc, &FC; displays a
list of all discs required to complete the process. If you do not
have all of the necessary discs, select
<guibutton>Reboot</guibutton> to abort the installation. Otherwise,
choose <guibutton>Continue</guibutton> to proceed with installation.
</para>
-->
</chapter>
<!--
Local variables:
mode: xml
fill-column: 72
End:
-->
--- NEW FILE acknowledgements.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE section PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<!-- $Id: -->
<section id="sn-acknowledgements">
<title>Acknowledgements</title>
<para>
Many useful comments and suggestions were provided by Rahul Sundaram
and the Anaconda team. David Neimi and Debra Deutsch contributed
additional information on boot loader and RAID configurations. The
sections on LVM benefited from the contributions of Bob McKay.
</para>
</section>
<!--
Local variables:
mode: xml
fill-column: 72
End:
-->
--- NEW FILE adminoptions.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<!-- $Id: -->
<appendix id="ap-admin-options">
<title>Boot Options</title>
<para>
The &FED; installation system includes a range of functions and
options for administrators. To use boot options, enter
<userinput>linux <replaceable>option</replaceable></userinput> at
the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt.
</para>
<para>
If you specify more than one option, separate each of the options by
a single space. For example:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux <replaceable>option1</replaceable> <replaceable>option2</replaceable> <replaceable>option3</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
<note>
<title>Rescue Mode</title>
<para>
The &FED; installation and <firstterm>rescue discs</firstterm> may
either boot with <firstterm>rescue mode</firstterm>, or load the
installation system. For more information on rescue discs and
rescue mode, refer to <xref linkend="sn-mode-rescue"/>.
</para>
</note>
<section id="sn-bootoptions-installer">
<title>Configuring the Installation System at the Boot Menu</title>
<para>
You can use the boot menu to specify a number of settings for the
installation system, including:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
language
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
display resolution
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
interface type
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Installation method
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
network settings
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<section id="sn-boot-options-language">
<title>Specifying the Language</title>
<para>
To set the language for both the installation process and the
final system, specify the ISO code for that language with the
<option>lang</option> option. Use the <option>keymap</option>
option to configure the correct keyboard layout.
</para>
<para>
For example, the ISO codes <userinput>el_GR</userinput> and
<userinput>gr</userinput> identify the Greek language and the
Greek keyboard layout:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux lang=<replaceable>el_GR</replaceable> keymap=<replaceable>gr</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="sn-boot-options-interface">
<title>Configuring the Interface</title>
<para>
You may force the installation system to use the lowest possible
screen resolution (640x480) with the <option>lowres</option>
option. To use a specific display resolution, enter
<option>resolution=<replaceable>setting</replaceable></option>
as a boot option. For example, to set the display resolution to
1024x768, enter:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux resolution=<replaceable>1024x768</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
<para>
To run the installation process in
<indexterm>
<primary>text interface</primary>
</indexterm>
<option>text</option> mode, enter:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux text</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
To enable support for a
<indexterm>
<primary>serial console</primary>
</indexterm>
serial console, enter <option>serial</option> as an additional
option.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-boot-options-installmethod">
<title>Specifying the Installation Method</title>
<para>
Use the <option>askmethod</option> option to display additional
menus that enable you to specify the installation method and
network settings. You may also configure the installation method
and network settings at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt itself.
</para>
<para>
To specify the installation method from the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt, use the <option>method</option> option. Refer to
<xref linkend="tb-installmethods"/> for the supported
installation methods.
</para>
<table id="tb-installmethods">
<title>Installation Methods</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="Installation Method"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="Option Format"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Installation Method</entry>
<entry>Option Format</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
CD or DVD drive
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>method=<replaceable>cdrom</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Hard Drive
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>method=<replaceable>hd://device/</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
HTTP Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>method=<replaceable>http://server.mydomain.com/directory/</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
FTP Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>method=<replaceable>ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
NFS Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>method=<replaceable>nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section id="sn-boot-options-network">
<title>Manually Configuring the Network Settings</title>
<para>
By default, the installation system uses DHCP to automatically
obtain the correct network settings. To manually configure the
network settings yourself, either enter them in the
<guilabel>Configure TCP/IP</guilabel> screen, or at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt. You may specify the <option>ip</option> address,
<option>netmask</option>, <option>gateway</option>, and
<option>dns</option> server settings for the installation system
at the prompt. If you specify the network configuration at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt, these settings are used for the installation process,
and the <guilabel>Configure TCP/IP</guilabel> screen does not
appear.
</para>
<para>
This example configures the network settings for an installation
system that uses the IP address
<systemitem class="ipaddress">192.168.1.10</systemitem>:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux ip=<replaceable>192.168.1.10</replaceable> netmask=<replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> gateway=<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable> dns=<replaceable>192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
<note>
<title>Configuring the Installed System</title>
<para>
Use the Network Configuration screen to specify the network
settings for the new system. Refer to
<xref linkend="ch-networkconfig"/> for more information on
configuring the network settings for the installed system.
</para>
</note>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-remoteaccess-installation">
<title>Enabling Remote Access to the Installation System</title>
<!-- SE: Note that there is also a "display" option that redirects anaconda's X display to an X server on another system. -->
<para>
You may access either graphical or text interfaces for the
installation system from any other system. Access to a text mode
display requires <command>telnet</command>, which is installed by
default on &FED; systems. To remotely access the graphical display
of an installation system, use client software that supports the
<indexterm>
<primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary>
</indexterm>
VNC (Virtual Network Computing) display protocol. A number of
providers offer VNC clients for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS, as
well as UNIX-based systems.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Installing a VNC Client on &FED;</title>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary>
<secondary>installing client</secondary>
</indexterm>
&FED; includes <application>vncviewer</application>, the client
provided by the developers of VNC. To obtain
<application>vncviewer</application>, install the
<filename>vnc</filename> package.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
The installation system supports two methods of establishing a VNC
connection. You may start the installation, and manually login to
the graphical display with a VNC client on another system.
Alternatively, you may configure the installation system to
automatically connect to a VNC client on the network that is
running in <firstterm>listening mode</firstterm>.
</para>
<section id="sn-remoteaccess-installation-vnc">
<title>Enabling Remote Access with VNC</title>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary>
<secondary>enabling</secondary>
</indexterm>
To enable remote graphical access to the installation system,
enter two options at the prompt:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux vnc vncpassword=<replaceable>qwerty</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
<para>
The <option>vnc</option> option enables the VNC service. The
<option>vncpassword</option> option sets a password for remote
access. The example shown above sets the password as
<userinput>qwerty</userinput>.
</para>
<note>
<title>VNC Passwords</title>
<para>
The VNC password must be at least six characters long.
</para>
</note>
<para>
Specify the language, keyboard layout and network settings for
the installation system with the screens that follow. You may
then access the graphical interface through a VNC client. The
installation system displays the correct connection setting for
the VNC client:
</para>
<screen>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[Starting VNC...
The VNC server is now running.
Please connect to computer.mydomain.com:1 to begin the install...
Starting graphical installation...
Press <enter> for a shell]]></computeroutput>
</screen>
<para>
You may then login to the installation system with a VNC client.
To run the <application>vncviewer</application> client on &FED;,
choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>VNC
Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, or type the command
<application>vncviewer</application> in a terminal window. Enter
the server and display number in the <guilabel>VNC
Server</guilabel> dialog. For the example above, the
<guilabel>VNC Server</guilabel> is
<userinput>computer.mydomain.com:1</userinput>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-remoteaccess-installation-vnclistener">
<title>Connecting the Installation System to a VNC Listener</title>
<para>
To have the installation system automatically connect to a VNC
client, first start the client in
<indexterm>
<primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary>
<secondary>listening mode</secondary>
</indexterm>
listening mode. On &FED; systems, use the
<option>-listen</option> option to run
<application>vncviewer</application> as a listener. In a
terminal window, enter the command:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>vncviewer -listen</userinput>
</screen>
<note>
<title>Firewall Reconfiguration Required</title>
<para>
By default, <application>vncviewer</application> uses TCP port
5500 when in listening mode. To permit connections to this
port from other systems, choose <menuchoice>
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Security
Level and Firewall</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. Select
<guilabel>Other ports</guilabel>, and
<guibutton>Add</guibutton>. Enter <userinput>5500</userinput>
in the <guilabel>Port(s)</guilabel> field, and specify
<userinput>tcp</userinput> as the
<guilabel>Protocol</guilabel>.
</para>
</note>
<para>
Once the listening client is active, start the installation
system and set the VNC options at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt. In addition to <option>vnc</option> and
<option>vncpassword</option> options, use the
<option>vncconnect</option> option to specify the name or IP
address of the system that has the listening client. To specify
the TCP port for the listener, add a colon and the port number
to the name of the system.
</para>
<para>
For example, to connect to a VNC client on the system
<systemitem
class="systemname">desktop.mydomain.com</systemitem>
on the port 5500, enter the following at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux vnc vncpassword=<replaceable>qwerty</replaceable> vncconnect=<replaceable>desktop.mydomain.com:5500</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="sn-telnet-installation">
<title>Enabling Remote Access with Telnet</title>
<para>
To enable remote access to a text mode installation, use the
<indexterm>
<primary>Telnet</primary>
</indexterm>
<option>telnet</option> option at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt:
</para>
<!--SE: The "text" option is necessary to stop the installer switching to graphical mode and losing the telnet interface. This is expected behavior. -->
<screen>
<userinput>linux text telnet</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
You may then connect to the installation system with the
<command>telnet</command> utility. The <command>telnet</command>
command requires the name or IP address of the installation
system:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>telnet computer.mydomain.com</userinput>
</screen>
<caution>
<title>Telnet Access Requires No Password</title>
<para>
To ensure the security of the installation process, only use
the <option>telnet</option> option to install systems on
networks with restricted access.
</para>
</caution>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-remote-logging">
<title>Logging to a Remote System During the Installation</title>
<para>
By default, the installation process sends log messages to the
console as they are generated. You may specify that these messages
go to a remote system that runs a
<indexterm>
<primary>syslog</primary>
</indexterm>
<firstterm>syslog</firstterm> service.
</para>
<para>
To configure remote logging, add the <option>syslog</option>
option. Specify the IP address of the logging system, and the UDP
port number of the log service on that system. By default, syslog
services that accept remote messages listen on UDP port 514.
</para>
<para>
For example, to connect to a syslog service on the system
<systemitem
class="ipaddress">192.168.1.20</systemitem>, enter
the following at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux syslog=<replaceable>192.168.1.20:514</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
<section id="sn-remote-logging-logserver">
<title>Configuring a Log Server</title>
<para>
&FED; uses <command>syslogd</command> to provide a syslog
service. The default configuration of <command>syslogd</command>
rejects messages from remote systems.
</para>
<caution>
<title>Only Enable Remote Syslog Access on Secured Networks</title>
<para>
The <command>syslogd</command> service includes no security
measures. Crackers may slow or crash systems that permit
access to the logging service, by sending large quantities of
false log messages. In addition, hostile users may intercept
or falsify messages sent to the logging service over the
network.
</para>
</caution>
<para>
To configure a &FED; system to accept log messages from other
systems on the network, edit the file
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/syslog</filename>. You must use
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> privileges to
edit the file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/syslog</filename>. Add
the option <option>-r</option> to the
<command>SYSLOGD_OPTIONS</command>:
</para>
<screen>
<computeroutput>SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-m 0 <userinput>-r</userinput>"</computeroutput>
</screen>
<para>
Restart the <command>syslogd</command> service to apply the
change:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>su -c '/sbin/service syslog restart'</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
Enter the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
password when prompted.
</para>
<note>
<title>Firewall Reconfiguration Required</title>
<para>
By default, the syslog service listens on UDP port 514. To
permit connections to this port from other systems, choose
<menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Security
Level and Firewall</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. Select
<guilabel>Other ports</guilabel>, and
<guibutton>Add</guibutton>. Enter <userinput>514</userinput>
in the <guilabel>Port(s)</guilabel> field, and specify
<userinput>udp</userinput> as the
<guilabel>Protocol</guilabel>.
</para>
</note>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-automating-installation">
<title>Automating the Installation with Kickstart</title>
<para>
A
<indexterm>
<primary>Kickstart</primary>
</indexterm>
<firstterm>Kickstart</firstterm> file specifies settings for an
installation. Once the installation system boots, it can read a
Kickstart file and carry out the installation process without any
further input from a user.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Every Installation Produces a Kickstart File</title>
<para>
The &FED; installation process automatically writes a Kickstart
file that contains the settings for the installed system. This
file is always saved as
<filename>/root/anaconda-ks.cfg</filename>. You may use this
file to repeat the installation with identical settings, or
modify copies to specify settings for other systems.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
&FED; includes a graphical application to create and modify
Kickstart files by selecting the options that you require. Use the
package <filename>system-config-kickstart</filename> to install
this utility. To load the &FED; Kickstart editor, choose
<menuchoice> <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> <guisubmenu>System
Tools</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kickstart</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
</para>
<para>
Kickstart files list installation settings in plain text, with one
option per line. This format lets you modify your Kickstart files
with any text editor, and write scripts or applications that
generate custom Kickstart files for your systems.
</para>
<para>
To automate the installation process with a Kickstart file, use
the <option>ks</option> option to specify the name and location of
the file:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux ks=<replaceable>location/kickstart-file.cfg</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
<para>
You may use Kickstart files that are held on either removable
storage, a hard drive, or a network server. Refer to
<xref linkend="tb-kssources"/> for the supported Kickstart
sources.
</para>
<table id="tb-kssources">
<title>Kickstart Sources</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="Kickstart Source"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="Option Format"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Kickstart Source</entry>
<entry>Option Format</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
CD or DVD drive
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>ks=<replaceable>cdrom:/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Hard Drive
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>ks=<replaceable>hd:/device/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Other Device
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>ks=<replaceable>file:/device/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
HTTP Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>ks=<replaceable>http://server.mydomain.com/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
FTP Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>ks=<replaceable>ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
NFS Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>ks=<replaceable>nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>
To obtain a Kickstart file from a script or application on a Web
server, specify the URL of the application with the
<option>ks=</option> option. If you add the option
<option>kssendmac</option>, the request also sends HTTP headers to
the Web application. Your application can use these headers to
identify the computer. This line sends a request with headers to
the application
<wordasword>http://server.mydomain.com/kickstart.cgi</wordasword>:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux ks=http://server.mydomain.com/kickstart.cgi kssendmac</userinput>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="sn-bootoptions-hardware">
<title>Enhancing Hardware Support</title>
<para>
By default, &FED; attempts to automatically detect and configure
support for all of the components of your computer. &FED; supports
the majority of hardware in common use with the software
<firstterm>drivers</firstterm> that are included with the
operating system. To support other devices you may supply
additional drivers during the installation process, or at a later
time.
</para>
<section id="sn-bootoptions-driverdisks">
<title>Adding Hardware Support with Driver Disks</title>
<!-- SE: This section is untested - there seem to be very few driver disks for Fedora. -->
<para>
The installation system can load drivers from disks, pen drives,
or network servers to configure support for new devices. After
the installation is complete, remove any driver disks and store
them for later use.
</para>
<para>
Hardware manufacturers may supply
<indexterm>
<primary>driver disks</primary>
</indexterm>
driver disks for &FED; with the device, or provide image files
to prepare the disks. To obtain the latest drivers, download the
correct file from the website of the manufacturer.
</para>
<note>
<title>Driver Disks Supplied as Zipped Files</title>
<para>
Driver disk images may be distributed as compressed archives,
or zip files. For identification, the names of zip files
include the extensions <filename>.zip</filename>, or
<filename>.tar.gz</filename>. To extract the contents of a
zipped file with a &FED; system, choose <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Archive
Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
</para>
</note>
<para>
To format a disk or pen drive with an image file, use the
<command>dd</command> utility. For example, to prepare a
diskette with the image file <filename>drivers.img</filename>,
enter this command in a terminal window:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>dd if=drivers.img of=/dev/fd0</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
To use a driver disk in the installation process, specify the
<option>dd</option> option at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux dd</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
When prompted, select <guibutton>Yes</guibutton> to provide a
driver disk. Choose the drive that holds the driver disk from
the list on the <guilabel>Driver Disk Source</guilabel> text
screen.
</para>
<para>
The installation system can also read drivers from disk images
that are held on network servers. Refer to
<xref linkend="tb-driversources"/> for the supported sources of
driver disk image files.
</para>
<table id="tb-driversources">
<title>Driver Disk Image Sources</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="Image Source"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="Option Format"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Image Source</entry>
<entry>Option Format</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Select a drive or device
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>dd</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
HTTP Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>dd=<replaceable>http://server.mydomain.com/directory/drivers.img</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
FTP Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>dd=<replaceable>ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/drivers.img</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
NFS Server
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>dd=<replaceable>nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/drivers.img</replaceable></option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section id="sn-bootoptions-hwdetection">
<title>Overriding Automatic Hardware Detection</title>
<para>
For some models of device automatic hardware configuration may
fail, or cause instability. In these cases, you may need to
disable automatic configuration for that type of device, and
take additional steps to manually configure the device after the
installation process is complete.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Check the Release Notes</title>
<para>
Refer to the Release Notes for information on known issues
with specific devices.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
To override the automatic hardware detection, use one or more of
the following options:
</para>
<table id="tb-hwoptions">
<title>Hardware Options</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="Compatibility Setting"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="Option"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Compatibility Setting</entry>
<entry>Option</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable all hardware detection
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>noprobe</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable graphics, keyboard, and mouse detection
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>headless</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable automatic monitor detection (DDC)
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>skipddc</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable mainboard APIC
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>noapic</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable power management (ACPI)
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>acpi=off</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable Direct Memory Access (DMA) for IDE drives
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>ide=nodma</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable BIOS-assisted RAID
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>nodmraid</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable Firewire device detection
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>nofirewire</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable parallel port detection
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>noparport</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable PC Card (PCMCIA) device detection
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>nopcmcia</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable USB storage device detection
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>nousbstorage</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Disable all USB device detection
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>nousb</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Force Firewire device detection
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>firewire</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
Prompt user for ISA device configuration
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<option>isa</option>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<note>
<title>Additional Screen</title>
<para>
The <option>isa</option> option causes the system to display
an additional text screen at the beginning of the installation
process. Use this screen to configure the ISA devices on your
computer.
</para>
</note>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-boot-modes">
<title>Using the Maintenance Boot Modes</title>
<section id="sn-memtest">
<title>Loading the Memory (RAM) Testing Mode</title>
<para>
Faults in memory modules may cause your system to freeze or
crash unpredictably. In some cases, memory faults may only cause
errors with particular combinations of software. For this
reason, you should test the memory of a computer before you
install &FED; for the first time, even if it has previously run
other operating systems.
</para>
<para>
To boot your computer in
<indexterm>
<primary>memory testing mode</primary>
</indexterm>
memory testing mode, enter <userinput>memtest86</userinput> at
the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt. The first test starts immediately. By default,
<command>memtest86</command> carries out a total of ten tests.
</para>
<para>
To halt the tests and reboot your computer, enter
<keycap>Esc</keycap> at any time.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-mode-rescue">
<title>Booting Your Computer with the Rescue Mode</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>rescue mode</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
You may boot a command-line Linux system from either a
<indexterm>
<primary>rescue discs</primary>
</indexterm>
rescue disc or the first installation disc, without installing
&FED; on the computer. This enables you to use the utilities and
functions of a running Linux system to modify or repair systems
that are already installed on your computer.
</para>
<para>
The rescue disc starts the rescue mode system by default. To
load the rescue system with the first installation disc, enter:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>linux rescue</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
Specify the language, keyboard layout and network settings for
the rescue system with the screens that follow. The final setup
screen configures access to the existing system on your
computer.
</para>
<para>
By default, rescue mode attaches an existing operating system to
the rescue system under the directory
<filename>/mnt/sysimage/</filename>.
</para>
</section>
</section>
</appendix>
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%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<chapter id="ch-before-begin">
<title>Before You Begin</title>
<para>
Before you install &FC;, you need access to:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
boot or installation media (refer to
<xref
linkend="ch-preparing-media"/> for more information)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
information about your network configuration
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
a copy of this &IG; and the Release Notes for this version of &FC;
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The Release Notes specify the hardware requirements for &FC; &FCLOCALVER;.
They also provide advice on any known problems with particular hardware and
software configurations.
</para>
<para>
The Release Notes are available on the first disc in HTML and plain text
format. The latest versions of this &IG; and the Release Notes are available
at &FDPDOCS-URL;.
</para>
<section id="sn-installing-storage-configurations">
<title>Storage</title>
<!-- SE: There may also be additional considerations when installing on machines backed by a SAN. -->
<para>
A &FED; system requires a minimum of 700 MB storage for a command-line
system. A desktop system with the default applications requires at least 3
GB of storage. You may install multiple copies of &FED; on the same
computer.
</para>
<para>
Configure any RAID functions provided by the mainboard of your computer,
or attached controller cards, before you begin the installation process.
&FED; can automatically detect many RAID devices and use any storage they
provide.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-installing-network-configurations">
<title>Networking</title>
<para>
By default, &FC; systems attempt to discover correct connection settings
for the attached network using
<indexterm>
<primary>DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</firstterm>, or
<firstterm><acronym>DHCP</acronym></firstterm>. Your network may include a
DHCP provider which delivers settings to other systems on demand. The DHCP
provider may be a router or wireless access point for the network, or a
server.
</para>
<para>
In some circumstances you may need to provide information about your
network during the installation process. Refer to
<xref
linkend="sn-installing-networkinstallation" /> and
<xref
linkend="sn-installing-managed-network" /> for more information.
</para>
<note>
<title>Modem Configuration</title>
<para>
The installation system for &FC; does not configure modems. If your
computer has a modem, configure the dialing settings after you complete
the installation and reboot.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="sn-installing-networkinstallation">
<title>Installing from a Server or Web Site</title>
<para>
You may install &FC; using a <firstterm>mirror</firstterm>, a Web site or
network server that provide a copy of the necessary files. To use a
mirror, you need to know:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
the name of the server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
the network protocol used for installation (FTP, HTTP, or NFS)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
the path to the installation files on the server
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
You may install &FC; from your own private mirror, or use one of the
public mirrors maintained by members of the community. To ensure that the
connection is as fast and reliable as possible, use a server that is close
to your own geographical location.
</para>
<para>
The &FP; maintains a list of HTTP and FTP public mirrors, sorted by
region, at <ulink url="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist"/>.
To determine the complete directory path for the installation files, add
<filename>/&FCLOCALVER;/<replaceable>architecture</replaceable>/os/</filename>
to the path shown on the web page. If your computer uses the
<systemitem>ppc</systemitem> architecture, for instance, add <filename
class="directory">/&FCLOCALVER;/ppc/os/</filename> to the path shown.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Building Your Own Mirror</title>
<para>
Refer to <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mirror/"/> for
information on how to create your own &FED; mirror for either public or
private use.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
To use a mirror, boot your computer with &FED; boot media, and follow
the instructions in
<xref linkend="ch-other-install-methods"/>. Refer to
<xref
linkend="ch-preparing-media"/> for more information on creating the boot
media.
</para>
<note>
<title>Using the Installation Discs</title>
<para>
If you boot your computer with an installation DVD, the first
installation CD, or another bootable &FED; CD, enter
<userinput>linux askmethod</userinput> at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt to access the server installation
options.
</para>
</note>
<para>
If your network includes a server, you may also use
<firstterm>PXE</firstterm> (Pre-boot eXecution Environment) to boot your
computer. PXE (also referred to as <firstterm>netboot</firstterm>) is a
standard that enables PCs to use files on a server as a boot device. &FC;
includes utilities that allow it to function as a PXE server for other
computers. You can use this option to install &FC; on a PXE-enabled
computer entirely over the network connection, using no physical media at
all.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-installing-managed-network">
<title>Installing &FC; on a Managed Network</title>
<para>
Some corporate networks include a <firstterm>directory service</firstterm>
that manages user accounts for the organization. &FC; systems can join a
Kerberos, NIS, Hesiod, or <trademark
class="registered">Microsoft</trademark> <trademark
class="registered">Windows</trademark> domain as part of the
installation process. &FC; can also use LDAP directories.
</para>
<!--
<para>
The process of configuring your &FC; system to use network
authentication services is explained in a separate tutorial.
</para>
[When this tutorial exists, remove these comments.]
-->
<caution>
<title>Consult Network Administrators</title>
<para>
Always consult the administrators before you install a &FC; system on an
existing network owned by someone besides yourself. They can provide
correct network and authentication settings, and guidance on specific
organizational policies and requirements.
</para>
</caution>
</section>
</chapter>
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<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-beginninginstallation">
<title>Beginning the Installation</title>
<note>
<title>Aborting the Installation</title>
<para>
To abort the installation process at any time before the
<guilabel>Installing Packages</guilabel> screen, either press
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Del</keycap></keycombo>
or power off the computer with the power switch. &FED; makes no
changes to your computer until package installation begins.
</para>
</note>
<section id="sn-boot-menu">
<title>The Boot Menu</title>
<para>The boot media displays a graphical boot menu with several
options. If no key is hit within 60 seconds, the default boot
option runs. To choose the default, either wait for the timer to
run out or hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> on the keyboard. To select
a different option than the default, use the arrow keys on your
keyboard, and hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> when the correct option
is highlighted. If you want to customize the boot options for a
particular option, hit the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key.</para>
<tip>
<title>Using Boot Options</title>
<para>For a listing and explanation of common boot options, refer
to <xref linkend="ap-admin-options"/>.</para>
</tip>
<para>If you boot the Live CD, the options include:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Run from image</title>
<para>This option is the default. If you select this option,
only the kernel and startup programs load into memory. This
option takes less time to load. As you use programs, they
are loaded from the disc, which takes more time. This mode
can be used on machines with less total memory.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Run from RAM</title>
<para>If you select this option, the Live CD environment loads
entirely into memory. This option takes longer to load,
since the entire CD is loaded at one time. As you use
programs later, they are loaded directly from memory, which
results in a more responsive environment. This mode can
only be used on machines with at least 1 GB of RAM.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Verify and run from image</title>
<para>This option lets you verify the disc before you run the
Live CD environment. Refer to <xref
linkend="sn-verifying-media"/> for more information on the
verification process.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>If you boot the DVD, rescue CD, or minimal boot media, the
boot menu options include:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Install or upgrade an existing system</title>
<para>This option is the default. Choose this option to
install &DISTRO; onto your computer system using the
graphical installation program.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Install or upgrade an existing system (text mode)</title>
<para>Choose this option to install &DISTRO; onto your
computer system using the text-based installation program.
If your computer system has problems using the graphical
installation program, you can install the system with this
option. Installing with this option does
<emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent you from using a graphical
interface on the system once it is installed.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Rescue installed system</title>
<para>Choose this option to repair a problem with your
installed &DISTRO; system that prevents you from booting
normally. Although &DISTRO; is an exceptionally stable
computing platform, it is still possible for occasional
problems to occur that prevent booting. The rescue
environment contains utility programs that allow you fix a
wide variety of these problems.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Boot from local drive</title>
<para>After you boot from the &DISTRO; media, if you decide
you need to boot your system from its existing hard disk,
choose this option.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="sn-install-diff-source">
<title>Installing from a Different Source</title>
<para>All boot media except the distribution DVD present a menu that
allows you to choose the installation source, such as the network
or a hard disk. If you are booting the distribution DVD and do
not want to install from the DVD, hit <keycap>Tab</keycap> at the
boot menu. Add a space and the option <option>askmethod</option>
to the end of the line that appears below the menu.</para>
<para>You can install &DISTRO; from the ISO images stored on hard
disk, or from a network using NFS, FTP, or HTTP methods.
Experienced users frequently use one of these methods because it
is often faster to read data from a hard disk or network server
than from a CD or DVD.</para>
<para>The following table summarizes the different boot methods and
recommended installation methods to use with each:</para>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>Boot Method</segtitle>
<segtitle>Installation Method</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>DVD</seg>
<seg>DVD, network, or hard disk</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Minimal boot CD or USB, rescue CD</seg>
<seg>Network or hard disk</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Live CD or USB</seg>
<seg><application>Install to Hard Disk</application>
application</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
<para><xref
linkend="ch-other-install-methods"/> contains detailed
information about installing from alternate locations.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-verifying-media">
<title>Verifying Media</title>
<para>The distribution DVD media and the Live CD media offer an
option to verify the integrity of the media. Recording errors
sometimes occur while producing CD or DVD media in home computer
equipment. An error in the data for package chosen in the
installation program can cause the installation to abort. To
minimize the chances of data errors affecting the installation,
verify the media before installing.</para>
<section id="sn-verifying-livecd">
<title>Verifying the Live CD</title>
<para>If you boot from the Live CD, choose <guilabel>Verify and
run from image</guilabel> from the boot menu. The
verification process runs automatically during the boot process,
and if it succeeds, the Live CD continues loading. If the
verification fails, create a new Live CD using the ISO image you
downloaded earlier.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-verifying-dvd">
<title>Verifying the DVD</title>
<para>If you boot from the &DISTRO; distribution DVD, the option
to verify the media appears after you choose to install
&DISTRO;. If the verification succeeds, the installation
process proceeds normally. If the process fails, create a new
DVD using the ISO image you downloaded earlier.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-booting-from-pxe">
<title>Booting from the Network using PXE</title>
<para>
To boot with <indexterm>
<primary>PXE (Pre-boot eXecution Environment)</primary>
</indexterm> PXE, you need a properly configured server, and a
network interface in your computer that supports PXE. For
information on how to configure a PXE server, refer to <xref
linkend="ap-pxe-server"/>.
</para>
<para>
Configure the computer to boot from the network interface. This
option is in the BIOS, and may be labeled <option>Network
Boot</option> or <option>Boot Services</option>. Once you
properly configure PXE booting, the computer can boot the &FED;
installation system without any other media.
</para>
<para>
To boot a computer from a PXE server:
</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>
Ensure that the network cable is attached. The link indicator
light on the network socket should be lit, even if the
computer is not switched on.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Switch on the computer.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
A menu screen appears. Press the number key that corresponds
to the desired option.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<note>
<title>PXE Troubleshooting</title>
<para>
If your PC does not boot from the netboot server, ensure that
the BIOS is configured to boot first from the correct network
interface. Some BIOS systems specify the network interface as a
possible boot device, but do not support the PXE standard. Refer
to your hardware documentation for more information.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="sn-graphics-problem">
<title>Graphical and Text Interfaces</title>
<para>If one of the following situations occurs, the installation
program uses a text mode:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The installation system fails to identify the display
hardware on your computer</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Your computer has less than 192 MB of RAM</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>You choose the text mode installation from the boot
menu</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The text screens provide the same functions as the standard
screens. You can configure your system for graphical interface
use after installation.</para>
<important>
<title>Graphical Interface Usage</title>
<para>Installing in text mode does <emphasis>not</emphasis>
prevent you from using a graphical interface on your system once
it is installed. If you have trouble configuring your system
for graphical interface use, consult other sources for
troubleshooting help as shown in <xref
linkend="sn-additional-help"/>.</para>
</important>
</section>
</chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-bootloader">
<title>Boot Loader</title>
<para>
A <firstterm>boot loader</firstterm> is a small program that reads
and launches the operating system. &FC; uses the
<indexterm>
<primary>GRUB</primary>
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
<seealso>boot loader</seealso>
</indexterm>
<application>GRUB</application> boot loader by default. If you have
multiple operating systems, the boot loader determines which one to
boot, usually by offering a menu.
</para>
<para>
You may have a boot loader installed on your system already. An
operating system may install its own preferred boot loader, or you
may have installed a third-party boot loader.If your boot loader
does not recognize Linux partitions, you may not be able to boot
&FC;. Use <application>GRUB</application> as your boot loader to
boot Linux and most other operating systems. Follow the directions
in this chapter to install <application>GRUB</application>.
</para>
<warning>
<title>Installing GRUB</title>
<para>
If you install GRUB, it may overwrite your existing boot loader.
</para>
</warning>
<section id="sn-bootloader-config-change">
<title>Keeping Your Existing Boot Loader Settings</title>
<para>
By default, the installation program installs GRUB in the
<firstterm>master boot record</firstterm>,
<indexterm>
<primary>master boot record</primary>
</indexterm> or <abbrev>MBR</abbrev>, of the device for the root
file system. To decline installation of a new boot loader, select
<guilabel>No boot loader will be installed</guilabel>.
</para>
<important>
<title>Boot Loader Required</title>
<para>
Your computer must have <application>GRUB</application> or
another boot loader installed in order to start, unless you
create a separate startup disk to boot from. <!-- FIXME: Add
reference to startup disk elsewhere in the IG. PWF. -->
</para>
</important>
<para>
You may need to customize the GRUB installation to correctly
support some hardware or system configurations. To specify
compatibility settings, select <guilabel>Configure advanced boot
loader options</guilabel>. This causes a second screen of options
to appear when you choose <guibutton>Next</guibutton>.
<xref linkend="sn-bootloader-advanced"/> explains the features of
the additional screen.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-bootloader-others">
<title>Booting Additional Operating Systems</title>
<para>
If you have other operating systems already installed, &FC;
attempts to automatically detect and configure
<application>GRUB</application> to boot them. You may manually
configure any additional operating systems if
<application>GRUB</application> does not detect them.</para>
<!--
<important>
<title>GRUB and Microsoft Vista</title>
<para>Due to architectural changes made by Microsoft, the
<application>GRUB</application> boot loader cannot load
Microsoft Vista operating systems.</para>
</important>
FIXME: Need to find out if this is correct before adding it.
-->
<para>To add, remove, or change the detected operating system
settings, use the options provided.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guibutton>Add</guibutton></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Select <guibutton>Add</guibutton> to include an additional
operating system in GRUB.
</para>
<para>
Select the disk partition which contains the bootable
operating system from the drop-down list and give the entry
a label. <application>GRUB</application> displays this label
in its boot menu.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guibutton>Edit</guibutton></term>
<listitem>
<para>
To change an entry in the GRUB boot menu, select the entry
and then select <guibutton>Edit</guibutton>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guibutton>Delete</guibutton></term>
<listitem>
<para>
To remove an entry from the GRUB boot menu, select the entry
and then select <guibutton>Delete</guibutton>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</section>
<section id="sn-bootloader-password">
<title>Setting a Boot Loader Password</title>
<para>
<application>GRUB</application> reads many file systems without
the help of an operating system. An operator can interrupt the
booting sequence to choose a different operating system to boot,
change boot options, or recover from a system error. However,
these functions may introduce serious security risks in some
environments. You can add a password to
<application>GRUB</application> so that the operator must enter
the password to interrupt the normal boot sequence.
</para>
<tip>
<title>GRUB Passwords Not Required</title>
<para>
You may not require a <application>GRUB</application> password
if your system only has trusted operators, or is physically
secured with controlled console access. However, if an untrusted
person can get physical access to your computer's keyboard and
monitor, that person can reboot the system and access
<application>GRUB</application>. A password is helpful in this
case.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
To set a boot password, select the <guibutton>Use a boot loader
password</guibutton> check box. The <guibutton>Change
password</guibutton> button will become active. Select
<guibutton>Change password</guibutton> to display an entry dialog.
Type the desired password, and then confirm it by typing it again
in the spaces provided.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Choose a Good Password</title>
<para>
Choose a password that is easy for you to remember but hard for
others to guess.
</para>
</tip>
<section id="sn-forgotten-grub-pass">
<title>Forgotten <application>GRUB</application> Passwords</title>
<para>
<application>GRUB</application> stores the password in encrypted
form, so it <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> be read or recovered. If
you forget the boot password, boot the system normally and then
change the password entry in the
<filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename> file. If you cannot
boot, you may be able to use the "rescue" mode on the first &FC;
installation disc to reset the GRUB password.
</para>
<para>
If you do need to change the <application>GRUB</application>
password, use the <command>grub-md5-crypt</command> utility. For
information on using this utility, use the command <command>man
grub-md5-crypt</command> in a terminal window to read the
manual pages.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-bootloader-advanced">
<title>Advanced Boot Loader Options</title>
<para>
The default boot options are adequate for most situations. The
installation program writes the <application>GRUB</application>
boot loader in the
<indexterm>
<primary>master boot record</primary>
</indexterm>
master boot record (<abbrev>MBR</abbrev>), overwriting any
existing boot loader.
</para>
<para>
You may keep your current boot loader in the <abbrev>MBR</abbrev>
and install GRUB as a secondary boot loader. If you choose this
option, the installer program will write GRUB to the first sector
of the Linux <filename>/boot</filename> partition.
</para>
<note>
<title>GRUB as a Secondary Boot Loader</title>
<para>
If you install GRUB as a secondary boot loader, you must
reconfigure your primary boot loader whenever you install and
boot from a new kernel. The kernel of an operating system such
as Microsoft Windows does not boot in the same fashion. Most
users therefore use GRUB as the primary boot loader on dual-boot
systems.
</para>
</note>
<para>
You may also need the advanced options if your
<abbrev>BIOS</abbrev> enumerates your drives or RAID arrays
differently than &FC; expects. If necessary, use the
<guibutton>Change Drive Order</guibutton> dialog to set the order
of the devices in &FC; to match your BIOS.
</para>
<para>
On a few systems, &FC; may not configure the disk drive geometry
for large disks correctly because of limitations within the
<abbrev>BIOS</abbrev>. To work around this problem, mark the
<guibutton>Force LBA32</guibutton> check box.
</para>
<para>
The Linux kernel usually auto-detects its environment correctly,
and no additional kernel parameters are needed. However, you may
provide any needed kernel parameter using the advanced boot loader
options.
</para>
<note>
<title>Kernel Parameters</title>
<para>
For a partial list of the kernel command line parameters, type
the following command in a terminal window: <userinput>man
bootparam</userinput>. For a comprehensive and authoritative
list, refer to the documentation provided in the kernel sources.
</para>
</note>
<para>
To alter any of these settings, mark the <guibutton>Configure
advanced boot loader options</guibutton> check box. Select
<guibutton>Next</guibutton> and the advanced boot options menu
appears.
</para>
<note>
<title>Optional Menu</title>
<para>
&FC; displays the advanced boot options menu
<emphasis>only</emphasis> if the advanced configuration check
box described above has been selected.
</para>
</note>
</section>
</chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-disk-partitioning">
<title>Disk Partitioning</title>
<para>
&FC; creates and uses several <firstterm>partitions</firstterm> on
the available hard drives. You may customize both the partitions,
and how the drives on your system are managed.
<xref linkend="sn-partitioning-general"/> explains drive partitions
in more detail.
</para>
<note>
<title>Changing Your Mind</title>
<para>
The installation process makes no changes to your system until
package installation begins. You may use
<guibutton>Back</guibutton> to return to previous screens and
change your selections at any time.
</para>
</note>
<para>
The on-screen dialog lists the available drives. By default, the
installation process may affect all of the drives on your computer.
To prevent the installation program from repartitioning specific
drives, clear the check box next to those drives on this list.
</para>
<para>
The installation process erases any existing Linux partitions on the
selected drives, and replaces them with the default set of
partitions for &FC;. All other types of partitions remain unchanged.
For example, partitions used by Microsoft Windows, and system
recovery partitions created by the computer manufacturer, are both
left intact. You may choose an alternative from the drop-down list:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Remove all partitions on selected drives and
create default layout</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If the selected hard disks are brand new, or if you want to
destroy all data currently on the selected drives, use this
option. This option removes all partitions on all selected
drives, even those used by non-Linux operating systems.
</para>
<warning>
<title>This Option Destroys All Data</title>
<para>Once you have selected all installation options and
proceed, all data on the selected drives will be destroyed.
<emphasis>Use this option with caution.</emphasis></para>
</warning>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Remove linux partitions on selected drives and
create default layout</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If the selected drives have any Linux partitions, this option
removes them and installs &FC; into the resulting free space.
This option does not modify partitions assigned to other
non-Linux operating systems. It does not discriminate,
however, between partitions assigned to different Linux
distributions, and will remove all of them.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Use free space on selected drives and create
default layout</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If the selected drives have free space that has not been
assigned to a partition, this option installs &FC; into the
free space. This option ensures that no existing partition is
modified by the installation process.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Create custom layout</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
You manually specify the partitioning on the selected drives.
The next screen enables you to configure the drives and
partitions for your computer. If you choose this option, &FC;
creates no partitions by default.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
Select <guilabel>Review and modify partitioning layout</guilabel> to
customize the set of partitions that &FC; creates, to configure your
system to use drives in RAID arrays, or to modify the boot options
for your computer. If you choose one of the alternative partitioning
options, this is automatically selected.
</para>
<para>
Use the <guilabel>Advanced storage options</guilabel> option if:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>You want to install &FC; to a drive connected through the
<firstterm>iSCSI</firstterm> protocol. Select
<guilabel>Advanced storage options</guilabel>, then select
<guilabel>Add iSCSI target</guilabel>, then select
<guilabel>Add drive</guilabel>. Provide an IP address and the
iSCSI initiator name, and select <guilabel>Add
drive</guilabel>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>You want to disable a <firstterm>dmraid</firstterm> device
that was detected at boot time. <!-- Need more here, but how?
PWF. --></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
Choose a partitioning option, and select <guibutton>Next</guibutton>
to proceed.
</para>
<note>
<title>The Next Screen</title>
<para>
The next screen is <guilabel>Network Devices</guilabel>, explained
<xref linkend="ch-networkconfig"/>, unless you select an option to
customize the partition layout. If you choose to either
<guilabel>Create custom layout</guilabel>, or <guilabel>Review and
modify partitioning layout</guilabel>, proceed to
<xref linkend="sn-partitioning-general"/>.
</para>
</note>
<section id="sn-partitioning-raid">
<title>RAID and Other Disk Devices</title>
<section id="sn-partitioning-raid-hw">
<title>Hardware RAID</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>RAID</primary>
<secondary>hardware</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>array</primary>
<see>RAID</see>
</indexterm>
<para>
<firstterm>RAID</firstterm>, or Redundant Array of Independent
Disks, allows a group, or <firstterm>array</firstterm>, of
drives to act as a single device. Configure any RAID functions
provided by the mainboard of your computer, or attached
controller cards, before you begin the installation process.
Each active RAID array appears as one drive within &FED;.
</para>
<!-- SE: Note that this chapter uses the term "Linux software RAID" to differentiate RAID provided by the kernel from the functions of ATA RAID controllers, which are often also called "software RAID". Unfortunately. -->
<para>
On systems with more than one hard drive you may configure &FC;
to operate several of the drives as a Linux RAID array without
requiring any additional hardware.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-partitioning-raid-sw">
<title>Software RAID</title>
<para>You can use the &DISTRO; installation program to create
Linux software RAID arrays, where RAID functions are controlled
by the operating system rather than dedicated hardware. These
functions are explained in detail in <xref
linkend="sn-disk-druid"/>.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-partitioning-fw-usb">
<title>FireWire and USB Disks</title>
<para>Some FireWire and USB hard disks may not be recognized by
the &DISTRO; installation system. If configuration of these
disks at installation time is not vital, disconnect them to
avoid any confusion.</para>
<tip>
<title>Post-installation Usage</title>
<para>You can connect and configure external FireWire and USB
hard disks after installation. Most such devices are
recognized by the kernel and available for use at that
time.</para>
</tip>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-partitioning-general">
<title>General Information on Partitions</title>
<para>
A &FC; system has at least three partitions:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
A <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
A <filename class="partition">/</filename> partition
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
A <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> partition
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Many systems have more partitions than the minimum listed above.
Choose partitions based on your particular system needs. For
example, consider creating a separate <filename
class="partition">/home</filename> partition on systems that
store user data. Refer to <xref
linkend="sn-partitioning-advice"/> for more information.
</para>
<para>
If you are not sure how best to configure the partitions for your
computer, accept the default partition layout.
</para>
<para>
The RAM installed in your computer provides a pool of memory for
running systems. Linux systems use
<indexterm>
<primary>swap partitions</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>swap partitions</firstterm> to
expand this pool, by automatically moving portions of memory
between RAM and swap partitions if insufficient RAM is available.
In addition, certain power management features store all of the
memory for a suspended system in the available swap partitions. If
you manually specify the partitions on your system, create one
swap partition that has more capacity than the computer RAM.
</para>
<para>
Data partitions provide storage for files. Each data partition has
a
<indexterm>
<primary>mount point</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>mount point</firstterm>, to indicate the
system directory whose contents reside on that partition. A
partition with no mount point is not accessible by users. Data not
located on any other partition resides in the <filename
class="partition">/</filename> (or
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary>root</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>root</firstterm>) partition.
</para>
<important>
<title>Root and <filename
class="directory">/root</filename></title>
<para>
The <filename class="partition">/</filename> (or
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary>root</secondary>
</indexterm> root) partition is the top of the directory
structure. The
<indexterm>
<primary><filename class="directory">/root</filename>
directory</primary>
</indexterm> <filename class="directory">/root</filename>
(sometimes pronounced "slash-root") directory is the home
directory of the user account for system administration.
</para>
</important>
<para>
In the minimum configuration shown above:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
All data under the <filename
class="directory">/boot/</filename> directory resides on the
<filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition. For
example, the file <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename>
resides on the <filename class="partition">/boot</filename>
partition.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Any file outside of the <filename
class="partition">/boot</filename> partition, such as
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, resides on the <filename
class="partition">/</filename> partition.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Subdirectories may be assigned to partitions as well. Some
administrators create both <filename
class="partition">/usr</filename> and <filename
class="partition">/usr/local</filename> partitions. In that
case, files under <filename
class="directory">/usr/local</filename>, such as
<filename>/usr/local/bin/foo</filename>, are on the <filename
class="partition">/usr/local</filename> partition. Any other
files in <filename class="directory">/usr/</filename>, such as
<filename>/usr/bin/foo</filename>, are in the <filename
class="partition">/usr</filename> partition.
</para>
<para>
If you create many partitions instead of one large <filename
class="partition">/</filename> partition, upgrades become
easier. Refer to the description of <application>Disk
Druid's</application> <link linkend="disk-druid-edit">Edit
option</link> for more information.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Leave Excess Capacity Unallocated</title>
<para>
Only assign storage capacity to those partitions you require
immediately. You may allocate free space at any time, to meet
needs as they occur. To learn about a more flexible method for
storage management, refer to <xref
linkend="sn-partitioning-lvm"/>.
</para>
</tip>
<section id="sn-partitioning-types">
<title>Partition Types</title>
<para>
Every partition has a
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary>type</secondary>
<seealso>file system</seealso>
</indexterm> <firstterm>partition type</firstterm>, to indicate
the format of the
<indexterm>
<primary>file system</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>file system</firstterm> on that
partition. The file system enables Linux to organize, search,
and retrieve files stored on that partition. Use the
<indexterm>
<primary><systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem>
</primary>
<see>file system</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>file system</primary>
<secondary
sortas="filesystem"><systemitem>ext3</systemitem>
</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm><systemitem
class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem></firstterm> file system
for data partitions that are not part of LVM, unless you have
specific needs that require another type of file system.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-partitioning-minimums">
<title>Minimum Partition Sizes</title>
<para>The following table summarizes minimum partition sizes for
the partitions containing the listed directories. You
<emphasis>do not</emphasis> have to make a separate partition
for each of these directories. For instance, if the partition
containing <filename class="directory">/foo</filename> must be
at least 500 MB, and you do not make a separate <filename
class="partition">/foo</filename> partition, then the
<filename class="partition">/</filename> (root) partition must
be at least 500 MB.</para>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>Directory</segtitle>
<segtitle>Minimum size</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="directory">/</filename></seg>
<seg>250 MB</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="directory">/usr</filename></seg>
<seg>250 MB</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="directory">/tmp</filename></seg>
<seg>50 MB</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="directory">/var</filename></seg>
<seg>384 MB</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="directory">/home</filename></seg>
<seg>100 MB</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="directory">/boot</filename></seg>
<seg>75 MB</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-partitioning-lvm">
<title>Understanding LVM</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>LVM</primary>
<secondary>understanding</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
LVM (Logical Volume Management) partitions provide a number of
advantages over standard partitions. LVM partitions are formatted
as
<indexterm>
<primary>LVM</primary>
<secondary>physical volume</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>physical volumes</firstterm>. One or
more physical volumes are combined to form a
<indexterm>
<primary>LVM</primary>
<secondary>volume group</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>volume group</firstterm>. Each volume
group's total storage is then divided into one or more
<indexterm>
<primary>LVM</primary>
<secondary>logical volume</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>logical volumes</firstterm>. The logical
volumes function much like standard partitions. They have a file
system type, such as <systemitem
class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem>, and a mount point.
</para>
<note>
<title>The <filename>/boot</filename> Partition and LVM</title>
<para>
The boot loader cannot read LVM volumes. You must make a
standard, non-LVM disk partition for your <filename
class="partition">/boot</filename> partition.
</para>
</note>
<para>To understand LVM better, imagine the physical volume as a
pile of <firstterm>blocks</firstterm>. A block is simply a
storage unit used to store data. Several piles of blocks can be
combined to make a much larger pile, just as physical volumes are
combined to make a volume group. The resulting pile can be
subdivided into several smaller piles of arbitrary size, just as a
volume group is allocated to several logical volumes.</para>
<para>
An administrator may grow or shrink logical volumes without
destroying data, unlike standard disk partitions. If the physical
volumes in a volume group are on separate drives or RAID arrays
then administrators may also spread a logical volume across the
storage devices.
</para>
<para>
You may lose data if you shrink a logical volume to a smaller
capacity than the data on the volume requires. To ensure maximum
flexibility, create logical volumes to meet your current needs,
and leave excess storage capacity unallocated. You may safely grow
logical volumes to use unallocated space, as your needs dictate.
</para>
<note>
<title>LVM and the Default Partition Layout</title>
<para>
By default, the installation process creates <filename
class="partition">/</filename> and swap partitions within LVM
volumes, with a separate <filename>/boot</filename> partition.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="sn-partitioning-advice">
<title>Advice on Partitions</title>
<para>Optimal partition setup depends on the usage for the Linux
system in question. The following tips may help you decide how to
allocate your disk space.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
If you expect that you or other users will store data on the
system, create a separate partition for the
<filename>/home</filename> directory within a volume group.
With a separate <filename>/home</filename> partition, you may
upgrade or reinstall &FC; without erasing user data files.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Each kernel installed on your system requires
approximately 6 MB on the <filename
class="partition">/boot</filename> partition. Unless you
plan to install a great many kernels, the default partition
size of 100 MB for <filename
class="partition">/boot</filename> should suffice.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The <filename class="directory">/var</filename> directory
holds content for a number of applications, including the
<application>Apache</application> web server. It also is used
to store downloaded update packages on a temporary basis.
Ensure that the partition containing the <filename
class="directory">/var</filename> directory has enough space
to download pending updates and hold your other
content.</para>
<important>
<title>Pending Updates</title>
<para>Because &DISTRO; is a rapidly progressing collection
software, the available updates late in a release cycle may
be quite sizable. You can add an update repository to the
sources for installation later to minimize this issue. Refer
to <xref linkend="sn-additional-repos"/> for more
information.
</para>
</important>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> directory
holds the majority of software content on a &DISTRO; system.
For an installation of the default set of software, allocate
at least 4 GB of space. If you are a software developer or
plan to use your &DISTRO; system to learn software development
skills, you may want to at least double this
allocation.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Consider leaving a portion of the space in an LVM volume
group unallocated. This unallocated space gives you
flexibility if your space requirements change but you do not
wish to remove data from other partitions to reallocate
storage.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you separate subdirectories into partitions, you can
retain content in those subdirectories if you decide to
install a new version of &DISTRO; over your current system.
For instance, if you intend to run a
<application>MySQL</application> database in <filename
class="directory">/var/lib/mysql</filename>, make a separate
partition for that directory in case you need to reinstall
later.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The following table is a possible partition setup for a system
with a single, new 80 GB hard disk and 1 GB of RAM. Note that
approximately 10 GB of the volume group is unallocated to allow
for future growth.</para>
<note>
<title>Example Usage</title>
<para>This setup is not optimal for all use cases.</para>
</note>
<example id="ex-partitioning-80g">
<title>Example Partition Setup</title>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>Partition</segtitle>
<segtitle>Size and type</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="partition">/boot</filename></seg>
<seg>100 MB <systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem>
partition</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="partition">swap</filename></seg>
<seg>2 GB swap</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>LVM physical volume</seg>
<seg>Remaining space, as one LVM volume group</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
<para>The physical volume is assigned to the default volume group
and divided into the following logical volumes:</para>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>Partition</segtitle>
<segtitle>Size and type</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="partition">/</filename></seg>
<seg>3 GB ext3</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="partition">/usr</filename></seg>
<seg>8 GB ext3</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="partition">/usr/local</filename></seg>
<seg>2 GB ext3</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="partition">/var</filename></seg>
<seg>4 GB ext3</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg><filename class="partition">/home</filename></seg>
<seg>50 GB ext3</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
</example>
<para></para>
</section>
<section id="sn-disk-druid">
<title>Disk Druid</title>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>Disk Druid</primary>
</indexterm> <application><firstterm>Disk
Druid</firstterm></application> is an interactive program for
editing disk partitions. Users run it only within the &FC;
installation system. Disk Druid enables you to configure
<indexterm>
<primary>RAID</primary>
<secondary>Linux software</secondary>
</indexterm> Linux software RAID and
<indexterm>
<primary>LVM</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>LVM</firstterm> to provide more extensible
and reliable data storage.
</para>
<note>
<title>Modifying the Default LVM Layout</title>
<para>
The default layout pools all of the available storage into a
single LVM physical volume, with one LVM logical volume for the
system. To make capacity available for additional partitions,
<guibutton>Edit</guibutton> the logical volume with the mount
point <filename>/</filename>, and reduce its size as necessary.
</para>
</note>
<para>
<application>Disk Druid</application> displays the following
actions in the installation program:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="vle-disk-druid-new">
<term><guilabel>New</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Select this option to add a partition
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary>adding</secondary>
</indexterm> or LVM physical volume to the disk. In the
<guilabel>Add partition</guilabel> dialog, choose a mount
point and a partition type. If you have more than one disk
on the system, choose which disks the partition may inhabit.
Indicate a size in megabytes for the partition.
</para>
<important>
<title>Illegal Partitions</title>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary>illegal</secondary>
</indexterm> The <filename>/bin/</filename>,
<filename>/dev/</filename>, <filename>/etc/</filename>,
<filename>/lib/</filename>, <filename>/proc/</filename>,
<filename>/root/</filename>, and
<filename>/sbin/</filename> directories may not be used
for separate partitions in <application>Disk
Druid</application>. These directories reside on the
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary>root</secondary>
</indexterm> <filename>/</filename> (root) partition.
</para>
<para>
The <filename>/boot</filename> partition may not reside on
an LVM volume group. Create the <filename>/boot</filename>
partition before configuring any volume groups.
</para>
</important>
<para>
You may also choose from three options for sizing your
partition:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Fixed size</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use a fixed size as close to your entry as possible.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Fill all space up to</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Grow the partition to a maximum size of your choice.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Fill to maximum allowable
size</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Grow the partition until it fills the remainder of the
selected disks.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<note>
<title>Partition Sizes</title>
<para>
The actual partition on the disk may be slightly smaller
or larger than your choice. Disk geometry issues cause
this effect, not an error or bug.
</para>
</note>
<para>
After you enter the details for your partition, select
<guibutton>OK</guibutton> to continue.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="disk-druid-edit">
<term><guilabel>Edit</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Select this option to edit an existing partition,
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary>editing</secondary>
</indexterm> LVM volume group, or an LVM physical volume
that is not yet part of a volume group. To change the size
of a LVM physical volume partition, first remove it from any
volume groups.
</para>
<warning>
<title>Removing LVM Physical Volumes</title>
<para>
If you remove an LVM physical volume from a volume group,
you erase any logical volumes it contains.
</para>
</warning>
<para>
Edit a partition to change its size, mount point, or file
system type. Use this function to:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
correct a mistake in setting up your partitions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
migrate Linux partitions if you are upgrading or
reinstalling &FC;
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
provide a mount point for non-Linux partitions such as
those used on some Windows operating systems
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<note>
<title>Windows Partitions</title>
<para>
You may not label Windows partitions that use the
<indexterm>
<primary><systemitem
class="filesystem">NTFS</systemitem>
</primary>
<see>file system</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>file system</primary>
<secondary><systemitem
class="filesystem">NTFS</systemitem>
</secondary>
</indexterm> <systemitem
class="filesystem">NTFS</systemitem> file system with a
mount point in the &FC; installer. You may label
<indexterm>
<primary><systemitem
class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem>
</primary>
<see>file system</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>file system</primary>
<secondary><systemitem
class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem>
</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm><systemitem
class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem></firstterm>
(<systemitem class="filesystem">FAT16</systemitem> or
<systemitem class="filesystem">FAT32</systemitem>)
partitions with a mount point.
</para>
</note>
<para>
If you need to make <emphasis>drastic</emphasis> changes to
your partition configuration, you may want to delete
partitions and start again. If your disk contains data that
you need to keep, back it up before you edit any partitions.
If you edit the size of a partition, you may lose all data
on it.
</para>
<para>
If your system contains many separate partitions for system
and user data, it is easier to upgrade your system. The
installation program allows you to erase or retain data on
specific partitions. If your user data is on a separate
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary><filename>/home</filename>
</secondary>
</indexterm> <filename>/home</filename> partition, you can
retain that data while erasing system partitions such as
<filename>/boot</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Delete</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Select this option to erase an existing partition
<indexterm>
<primary>partition</primary>
<secondary>deleting</secondary>
</indexterm> or LVM physical volume. To delete an LVM
physical volume, first delete any volume groups of which
that physical volume is a member.
</para>
<para>
If you make a mistake, use the <guilabel>Reset</guilabel>
option to abandon all the changes you have made.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Reset</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Select this option to force <application>Disk
Druid</application> to abandon all changes made to disk
partitions.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>RAID</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Select this option to set up software RAID
<indexterm>
<primary>RAID</primary>
</indexterm> on your &FED; system.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Create a software RAID
partition</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose this option to add a partition for software
RAID. This option is the only choice available if your
disk contains no software RAID partitions.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Create a RAID device</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose this option to construct a RAID device from two
or more existing software RAID partitions. This option
is available if two or more software RAID partitions
have been configured.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Clone a drive to create a RAID
device</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose this option to set up a RAID
<firstterm>mirror</firstterm> of an existing disk.
This option is available if two or more disks are
attached to the system.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>LVM</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Select this option to set up LVM
<indexterm>
<primary>LVM</primary>
</indexterm> on your &FED; system. First create at least one
partition or software RAID device as an LVM physical volume,
using the <application>New</application> dialog. For more
information on LVM, refer to <xref
linkend="sn-partitioning-lvm"/>.
</para>
<para>
To assign one or more physical volumes to a volume group,
first name the volume group. Then select the physical
volumes to be used in the volume group. Finally, configure
logical volumes on any volume groups using the
<guilabel>Add</guilabel>, <guilabel>Edit</guilabel> and
<guilabel>Delete</guilabel> options.
</para>
<para>
You may not remove a physical volume from a volume group if
doing so would leave insufficient space for that group's
logical volumes. Take for example a volume group made up of
two 5 GB LVM physical volume partitions, which contains an 8
GB logical volume. The installer would not allow you to
remove either of the component physical volumes, since that
would leave only 5 GB in the group for an 8 GB logical
volume. If you reduce the total size of any logical volumes
appropriately, you may then remove a physical volume from
the volume group. In the example, reducing the size of the
logical volume to 4 GB would allow you to remove one of the
5 GB physical volumes.
</para>
<important>
<title>LVM Unavailable in Text Installs</title>
<para>LVM initial set up is not available in a text-mode
installation. The installer allows you to edit
pre-configured LVM volumes. If you need to create an LVM
configuration from scratch, hit <keycombo>
<keycap function="alt">Alt</keycap>
<keycap function="other" otherfunction="F2">F2</keycap>
</keycombo> to use the terminal, and run the
<command>lvm</command> command. To return to the
text-mode installation, hit <keycombo>
<keycap function="alt">Alt</keycap>
<keycap function="other" otherfunction="F1">F1</keycap>
</keycombo>.</para>
</important>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
After you finish setting up and reviewing your partition
configuration, select <guilabel>Next</guilabel> to continue the
installation process.
</para>
</section>
</chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-experts-quickstart">
<title>Quick Start for Experts</title>
<para>This section offers a very brief overview of installation tasks
for experienced readers who are eager to get started. Note that many
explanatory notes and helpful hints appear in the following chapters
of this guide. If an issue arises during the installation process,
consult the appropriate chapters in the full guide for help.</para>
<important>
<title>Experts Only</title>
<para>This section is intended only for experts. Other readers may
not be familiar with some of the terms in this section, and should
move on to <xref linkend="ch-new-users"/> instead.</para>
</important>
<section id="sn-expert-overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<para>The installation procedure is fairly simple, and consists of
only a few steps:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Download files to make media or another bootable
configuration.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Prepare system for installation.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Boot the computer and run the installation process.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Reboot and perform post-installation configuration.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section id="sn-expert-download">
<title>Download Files</title>
<para>Do any one of the following:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<indexterm>
<primary>ISO images</primary>
<secondary>downloading</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Download the ISO image for the Live CD. Create CD media
from the ISO file using your preferred application. To
install the distribution to your hard disk, use the shortcut
on the desktop after you log in.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Download the ISO images for the full distribution on CD or
DVD. Create CD or DVD media from the ISO files using your
preferred application, or put the images on a Windows FAT32 or
Linux ext2/ext3 partition.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Download the <filename>boot.iso</filename> image for a
minimal boot CD or <filename>bootdisk.img</filename> file for
a minimal boot USB flash drive. Write the image to the
approriate physical media to create bootable media.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Download the <filename>rescuecd.iso</filename> image for
a reduced-size boot CD. Write the image to the appropriate
physical media to create bootable media.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Download the <filename>vmlinuz</filename> kernel file and
the <filename>initrd.img</filename> ramdisk image from the
distribution's <filename
class="directory">isolinux/</filename> directory. Configure
your operating system to boot the kernel and load the ramdisk
image.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section id="sn-expert-prepare">
<title>Prepare for Installation</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>NTFS partitions</primary>
<secondary>resizing</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Back up any user data you need to preserve, and if necessary,
resize existing partitions to make room for &DISTRO;. To resize
your NTFS partition from the &DISTRO; installer, use the
<command>ntfsresize</command> and <command>fdisk</command>
commands.</para>
<para>Use
<keycombo>
<keycap function="control">Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap function="alt">Alt</keycap>
<keycap>F2</keycap>
</keycombo> to switch to a virtual terminal from the
installation program if you are not using a Live CD. Perform any
resize operations before proceeding to the installer's
partitioning options.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-expert-install">
<title>Install &DISTRO;</title>
<para>Boot from the desired media, with any options appropriate for
your hardware and installation mode. Refer to <xref
linkend="ap-admin-options"/> for more information about boot
options. If you boot from the Live CD, select the "Install to
Hard Disk" option from the menu to run the installation program.
If you boot from minimal media or a downloaded kernel, select a
network or hard disk resource from which to install.</para>
<para>Proceed through all the steps of the installation program. The
installation program does not change your system until you make a
final confirmation to proceed. When installation is finished,
reboot your system.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-expert-post-install">
<title>Perform Post-installation Steps</title>
<para>After the system reboots, it displays additional configuration
options. Make appropriate changes to your system and proceed to
the login prompt.</para>
</section>
</chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-firstboot">
<title>First Boot</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>Setup Agent</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The <application>Setup Agent</application> launches the first time
that you start a new &FC; system. Use <application>Setup
Agent</application> to configure the system for use before you log
in.
</para>
<para>
Select <guibutton>Forward</guibutton> to start the
<application>Setup Agent</application>.
</para>
<note>
<title>Graphical Interface Required</title>
<para>
<application>Setup Agent</application> requires a graphical
interface. If you did not install one, or if &FED; has trouble
starting it, you may see a slightly different setup screen.
</para>
</note>
<section id="sn-firstboot-license">
<title>License Agreement</title>
<para>
This screen displays the overall licensing terms for &FC;. Each
software package in &FC; is covered by its own license which has
been approved by the
<indexterm>
<primary>OSI (Open Source Initiative)</primary>
</indexterm>
Open Source Initiative (OSI). For more information about the OSI,
refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.opensource.org/">http://www.opensource.org/</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
To proceed, select <guilabel>Yes, I agree to the License
Agreement</guilabel> and then select
<guibutton>Forward</guibutton>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-firstboot-firewall">
<title>Firewall</title>
<para>
The
<indexterm>
<primary>firewall</primary>
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
</indexterm>
<firstterm>firewall</firstterm> built into &FC; checks every
incoming and outgoing network connection on your machine against a
set of rules. These rules specify which types of connections are
permitted and which are denied.
</para>
<para>
By default the firewall is enabled, with a simple set of rules
that allow connections to be made from your system to others, but
permit only network browsing and
<indexterm>
<primary>SSH (Secure SHell)</primary>
<secondary>firewall configuration</secondary>
</indexterm>
SSH (Secure SHell) connections from other systems. You may make
changes on this screen to allow access to specific network
services on your &FED; system.
</para>
<para>
To enable access to the services listed on this screen, click the
check box next to the service name.
</para>
<important>
<title>SSH Provides Immediate Remote Access</title>
<para>
All &FED; systems automatically run the SSH remote access
service, and the default firewall configuration allows
connections to this service. The default configuration ensures
that administrators have immediate remote access to new systems
through the user and <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> accounts.
</para>
</important>
<para>
To enable access to other services, select <guilabel>Other
ports</guilabel>, and <guibutton>Add</guibutton> the details. Use
the <guilabel>Port(s)</guilabel> field to specify either the port
number, or the registered name of the service. Select the relevant
<guilabel>Protocol</guilabel> from the drop-down. The majority of
services use the TCP protocol.
</para>
<tip>
<title>The Services List</title>
<para>
The <filename>/etc/services</filename> file lists service port
numbers and names that are registered with the Internet Assigned
Names Authority (IANA).
</para>
</tip>
<para>
If a service uses more than one port number, enter each port. For
example, an IMAP service enables users to access their e-mail from
another system through TCP port 143. To permit IMAP connections
to your system, add <userinput>imap</userinput> or port number
<userinput>143</userinput>.</para>
<para>
Avoid disabling the firewall. If you believe that it is necessary
to do so, select <guilabel>No firewall</guilabel>.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Changing the Firewall Settings</title>
<para>
To change these settings later, choose <menuchoice>
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Security
Level and Firewall</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
</para>
</tip>
</section>
<section id="sn-firstboot-selinux">
<title>&SEL;</title>
<para>
The
<indexterm>
<primary>&SEL;</primary>
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
</indexterm>
<firstterm>&SEL;</firstterm> (Security Enhanced Linux) framework
is part of &FC;. &SEL; limits the actions of both users and
programs by enforcing security policies throughout the operating
system. Without &SEL;, software bugs or configuration changes may
render a system more vulnerable. The restrictions imposed by &SEL;
policies provide extra security against unauthorized access.
</para>
<para>
Inflexible &SEL; policies might inhibit many normal activities on
a &FED; system. For this reason, &FC; uses targeted policies,
which only affect specific network services. These services cannot
perform actions that are not part of their normal functions. The
targeted policies reduce or eliminate any inconvenience &SEL;
might cause users. Set the &SEL; mode to one of the following:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Enforcing</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Select this mode to use the targeted &SEL; policy on your
&FED; system. This is the default mode for &FED;
installations.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Permissive</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
In this mode, the system is configured with &SEL;, but a
breach of security policies only causes an error message to
appear. No activities are actually prohibited when &SEL; is
installed in this mode. You may change the &SEL; mode to
<guilabel>Enforcing</guilabel> at any time after booting.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Disabled</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If you choose this mode for &SEL;, &FED; does not configure
the access control system at all. To make &SEL; active
later, select <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Security Level and Firewall</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<!-- SE: Note that items on this screen are labeled "SELinux...", so the text doesn't use the &SEL; entity in those cases. -->
<para>
To adjust &SEL;, choose <guilabel>Modify SELinux
Policy</guilabel>. To exempt a key service from &SEL;
restrictions, select the service from the list, and choose the
<guilabel>Disable SELinux protection</guilabel> option. The
<guilabel>SELinux Service Protection</guilabel> item on the list
includes options to disable &SEL; restrictions on additional
services.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Changing the &SEL; policy</title>
<para>
&SEL; is unique in that it cannot be bypassed, even by the
system administrators. To change the behavior of &SEL; after
installation, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Security
Level and Firewall</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
For more information about &SEL;, refer to the &SEL; FAQ at
<ulink
url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/selinux-faq/"/>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-firstboot-datetime">
<title>Date and Time</title>
<para>
If your system does not have Internet access or a network time
server, manually set the date and time for your system on this
screen. Otherwise, use
<indexterm>
<primary>NTP (Network Time Protocol)</primary>
</indexterm>
<firstterm>NTP</firstterm> (Network Time Protocol) servers to
maintain the accuracy of the clock. NTP provides time
synchronization service to computers on the same network. The
Internet contains many computers that offer public NTP services.
</para>
<para>
The initial display enables you to set the date and time of your
system manually.
</para>
<para>
Select the <guilabel>Network Time Protocol</guilabel> tab to
configure your system to use NTP servers instead.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Setting the Clock</title>
<para>
To change these settings later, choose <menuchoice>
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Date &
Time</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
To configure your system to use network time servers, select the
<guilabel>Enable Network Time Protocol</guilabel> option. This
option disables the settings on the <guilabel>Date and
Time</guilabel> tab and enables the other settings on this screen.
</para>
<para>
By default, &FC; is configured to use three separate groups, or
<firstterm>pools</firstterm>, of time servers. Time server pools
create redundancy, so if one time server is unavailable, your
system synchronizes with another server.
</para>
<para>
To use an additional time server, select <guilabel>Add</guilabel>,
and type the DNS name of the server into the box. To remove a
server or server pool from the list, select the name and click
<guilabel>Delete</guilabel>.
</para>
<para>If your machine is always connected to the Internet through a
wired connection, select the <guilabel>Synchronize system clock
before starting service</guilabel> option. This option may
cause a short delay during startup but ensures accurate time on
your system even if the clock is significantly wrong at boot
time.</para>
<important>
<title>Laptops and NTP</title>
<para>Do not use this option with laptop computers that sometimes
use wireless networks.</para>
</important>
<para>
If the hardware clock in your computer is highly inaccurate, you
may turn off your local time source entirely. To turn off the
local time source, select <guilabel>Show advanced
options</guilabel> and then deselect the <guilabel>Use Local Time
Source</guilabel> option. If you turn off your local time source,
the NTP servers take priority over the internal clock.
</para>
<para>
If you enable the <guilabel>Enable NTP Broadcast</guilabel>
advanced option, &FC; attempts to automatically locate time
servers on the network.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-firstboot-systemuser">
<title>System User</title>
<para>
Create a user account for yourself with this screen. Always use
this account to log in to your &FC; system, rather than using the
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
</para>
<para>
Enter a user name and your full name, and then enter your chosen
password. Type your password once more in the <guilabel>Confirm
Password</guilabel> box to ensure that it is correct. Refer to
<xref linkend="ch-rootpassword" /> for guidelines on selecting a
secure password.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Creating Extra User Accounts</title>
<para>
To add additional user accounts to your system after the
installation is complete, choose <menuchoice>
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Users &
Groups</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
To configure &FC; to use network services for authentication or
user information, select <guibutton>Use Network
Login...</guibutton>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-firstboot-soundcard">
<title>Sound Card</title>
<para>
The <application>Setup Agent</application> automatically attempts
to identify the sound card in your computer.
</para>
<para>
Click the play button to check the sound card configuration. If
the configuration is correct, &FED; plays a sound sequence. You
may adjust the volume with the slidebar. The
<guilabel>Repeat</guilabel> option causes the sound to play until
the option is unselected, to assist you in tuning your system.
</para>
<para>
If your sound card is identified, but you do not hear the sound,
check your speakers and try again. In some cases, you may need to
alter the additional settings to obtain the best sound quality.
</para>
<para>
A sound card may provide multiple audio input and output devices.
To change the <guilabel>Default PCM device</guilabel>, select a
new option from the drop-down list. By default, audio applications
connect to a software mixer that manages the PCM devices. To
enable applications to bypass the software mixer, select the
option to <guilabel>Disable software mixing</guilabel>.
</para>
<para>
You may manually configure a &FC; system to use unsupported sound
cards after the installation process is complete. Manual sound
hardware configuration is beyond the scope of this document.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Changing the Sound Card</title>
<para>
&FED; automatically attempts to detect a new sound card if you
add one to your system. If you need to launch the detection
process manually, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Soundcard
Detection</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
After you configure the sound card, select
<guilabel>Finish</guilabel> to proceed to the login screen. Your
&FC; system is now ready for use.
</para>
<important>
<title>Update Your System</title>
<para>
To ensure the security of your system, run a package update
after the installation completes.
<xref linkend="ch-next-steps" /> explains how to update your
&FED; system.
</para>
</important>
</section>
</chapter>
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<xi:include href="fdp-info.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
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<xi:include href="expert-quickstart.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="new-users.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="beginninginstallation.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="locale.xml"
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<xi:include href="other-instmethods.xml"
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<xi:include href="welcome.xml"
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<xi:include href="upgrading.xml"
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<xi:include href="diskpartitioning.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="bootloader.xml"
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<xi:include href="networkconfig.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="timezone.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="rootpassword.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="packageselection.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="abouttoinstall.xml"
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<xi:include href="installingpackages.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="firstboot.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="nextsteps.xml"
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<xi:include href="adminoptions.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="pxe-server.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<xi:include href="techref.xml"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
<index id="generated-index">
</index>
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--- NEW FILE installingpackages.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-installing-packages">
<title>Installing Packages</title>
<para>
&FC; reports the installation progress on the screen as it writes
the selected packages to your system. Network and DVD installations
require no further action. If you are using CDs to install, &FC;
prompts you to change discs periodically. After you insert a disc,
select <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to resume the installation.
</para>
<para>
After installation completes, select <guibutton>Reboot</guibutton>
to restart your computer. &FC; ejects any loaded discs before the
computer reboots.
</para>
</chapter>
<!--
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--- NEW FILE intro.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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%FDP-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
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<chapter lang="en-US" id="ch-introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>This guide covers installation of &DISTRO;, a Linux distribution
built on free and open source software. This manual helps you
install &DISTRO; on desktops, laptops, and servers. The installation
system is flexible enough to use even if you have no previous
knowledge of Linux or computer networks. If you select default
options, &DISTRO; provides a complete desktop operating system,
including productivity applications, Internet utilities, and desktop
tools.</para>
<para>This document does not detail all of the features of the
installation system.</para>
<section id="sn-background">
<title>Background</title>
<section id="sn-about-fedora">
<title>About &DISTRO;</title>
<para>To find out more about &DISTRO;, refer to <ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/"/>. To read other documentation
on &DISTRO; related topics, refer to <ulink
url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/"/>.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-additional-help">
<title>Getting Additional Help</title>
<para>For information on additional help resources for &DISTRO;,
visit <ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate"/>.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-about-document">
<title>About This Document</title>
<section id="sn-goals">
<title>Goals</title>
<para>This guide helps a reader:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Understand how to locate the &DISTRO; distribution
online</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Create configuration data that allows a computer to boot
&DISTRO;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Understand and interact with the &DISTRO; installation
program</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Complete basic post-installation configuration of a
&DISTRO; system</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<tip>
<title>Other Sources of Documentation</title>
<para>This guide does not cover use of &DISTRO;. To learn how to
use an installed &DISTRO; system, refer to <ulink
url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/"/> for other
documentation.</para>
</tip>
</section>
<section id="sn-audience">
<title>Audience</title>
<para>This guide is intended for new and intermediate &DISTRO;
users. Advanced &DISTRO; users with questions about detailed
operation of expert installation features should consult the
Anaconda development mailing list at <ulink
url="http://www.redhat.com/archives/anaconda-devel-list/"/>.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-feedback">
<title>Feedback</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>FDP</primary>
<see>&FDP;</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>&FDP;</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>The &FDP; (FDP) is a group of volunteer writers, editors,
translators, and other contributors who create content for free
and open source software. The FDP maintains this document and is
always interested in reader feedback.</para>
<para>To send feedback regarding this document, send email to <ulink
url="mailto:docs at fedoraproject.org">docs at fedoraproject.org</ulink>,
or visit <ulink url="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"/> to file a bug
in &BZ;. To file a bug, fill in "&BZ-PROD;" as the Product, choose
the name of this document from the Component list, and choose
"devel" as the version. FDP volunteers receive your feedback, and
may contact you for additional information, if necessary.</para>
</section>
</chapter>
--- NEW FILE locale.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-installer-locale">
<title>Identifying Your Locale</title>
<section id="sn-installer-language">
<title>Language Selection</title>
<para>
The installation program displays a list of languages supported by
&DISTRO;. Highlight the correct language on the list and select
<guibutton>Next</guibutton>.
</para>
<note>
<title>Installing Support For Additional Languages</title>
<para>
To select support for additional languages, customize the
installation at the package selection stage. For more
information, refer to <xref linkend="sn-lang-packages"></xref>.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="sn-installer-keyboard">
<title>Keyboard Configuration</title>
<para>
The installation program display a list of the keyboard layouts
supported by &DISTRO;. Highlight the correct layout on the list, and
select <guibutton>Next</guibutton>.
</para>
</section>
</chapter>
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--- NEW FILE networkconfig.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
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<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-networkconfig">
<title>Network Configuration</title>
<para>
Use this screen to customize the network settings of your &FED;
system.
</para>
<para>
Manual network configuration of a &FED; system is often not
required. Many networks have a <indexterm>
<primary>DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>DHCP</firstterm> (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) service that automatically supplies connected systems with
configuration data. By default, &FC; activates all network
interfaces on your computer and configures them to use DHCP.
</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>IPv4</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>IPv6</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>&DISTRO; contains complete support for both
<firstterm>IPv4</firstterm> and <firstterm>IPv6</firstterm>. By
default, &DISTRO; configures network interfaces on your computer for
both IPv4 and IPv6 support, and to use DHCP over both IPv4 and IPv6.
For more information about IPv6, refer to <ulink
url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6"/>.</para>
<para>Many home Internet routers and firewalls do not include
support for IPv6. The default settings will not harm your system or
router in any way. However, the speed of some services improves
drastically if you disable IPv6 on any interface on a network that
does not use IPv6.</para>
<tip>
<title>IPv6 and Boot Options</title>
<para>You can disable IPv6 support in the installation program using
the boot option <option>noipv6</option>. The installation program
does not configure network interfaces for IPv6 if you use this
option. For more information on boot options, refer to <xref
linkend="ap-admin-options"/>.</para>
</tip>
<section id="sn-network-devices">
<title>Network Devices</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>IP address</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>IP address</primary>
<secondary>dynamic</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
&FED; displays a list of network interfaces detected on your
computer. Each interface must have a unique <firstterm>IP
address</firstterm> on the network to which it is attached. The
interface may receive this address from the network DHCP service.
</para>
<para>
Specify whether an interface should be automatically activated at
boot time with the <guilabel>Active on Boot</guilabel> check box
for that device. You may manually activate a network interface at
any time after the system has booted.
</para>
<note>
<title>Modem Configuration</title>
<para>
The <guilabel>Network Configuration</guilabel> screen does not
list <indexterm>
<primary>modem</primary>
</indexterm> modems. Configure these devices after installation
with the <application>Network</application> utility. The
settings for your modem are specific to your particular Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
</para>
</note>
<section id="sn-network-enable-proto">
<title>Configuring IPv4 and IPv6 Support</title>
<para>To add or remove IPv4 or IPv6 support, highlight the
interface on the <guilabel>Network Device</guilabel> list and
select <guibutton>Edit</guibutton>. &DISTRO; displays the
<guilabel>Edit Interface</guilabel> dialog. If the interface is
not configured for IPv4 or IPv6 protocol, that entry is marked
<guilabel>Disabled</guilabel>.</para>
<para>To change the selection, select or deselect the appropriate
checkbox. If necessary, change the network address
configuration for the interface.</para>
<tip>
<title>DHCP and Servers</title>
<para>
If this computer system is a server, avoid DHCP if possible,
and manually configure networking. Manual network
configuration allows your server to join the local network
even if the DHCP provider is down.
</para>
</tip>
</section>
<section id="sn-network-manual-ipv4">
<title>Configuring IPv4</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>IP address</primary>
<secondary>static</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
To assign an unchanging, or <firstterm>static</firstterm>, IP
address to your system, highlight the interface on the
<guilabel>Network Device</guilabel> list and select
<guibutton>Edit</guibutton>. &FED; then displays the
<guilabel>Edit Interface</guilabel> dialog.</para>
<para><emphasis>Deselect</emphasis> the <guilabel>Configure using
DHCP</guilabel> check box, so that it is empty. Enter the
<guilabel>IP Address</guilabel> and the appropriate
<guilabel>Netmask</guilabel> for the interface, then select
<guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
<para>If you disable DHCP, automatic configuration of the
<guilabel>Hostname</guilabel> is also disabled, and the
<guilabel>Miscellaneous Settings</guilabel> options are enabled.
Refer to <xref linkend="sn-network-misc-settings"/> for more
information.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-network-manual-ipv6">
<title>Configuring IPv6</title>
<para>If IPv6 is enabled, the installation program defaults to
using <guilabel>Automatic neighbor discovery</guilabel>. If you
want to change the default, select either
<guilabel>DHCPv6</guilabel> for IPv6-compliant dynamic IP
addressing, or <guilabel>Manual configuration</guilabel> to
enter IP information manually.</para>
<para>To assign a static IPv6 address, enter the <guilabel>IP
Address</guilabel> and the appropriate
<guilabel>Prefix</guilabel> for the interface, then select
<guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-hostname">
<title>Hostname</title>
<para>
On some networks, the DHCP provider also provides the name of the
computer, or <indexterm>
<primary>hostname</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>hostname</firstterm>. To specify the
hostname, select <guilabel>Manual</guilabel> and type the complete
name in the box. The complete hostname includes both the name of
the machine and the name of the domain of which it is a member,
such as <systemitem
class="fqdomainname"><replaceable>machine1.example.com</replaceable></systemitem>.
The machine name (or "short hostname") is <systemitem
class="systemname"><replaceable>machine1</replaceable></systemitem>,
and the <indexterm>
<primary>domain name</primary>
</indexterm> domain name is <systemitem
class="domainname"><replaceable>example.com</replaceable></systemitem>.
</para>
<para>To set up a home network that is behind an Internet firewall
or router, you may want to use <systemitem
class="fqdomainname"><replaceable>hostname</replaceable>.localdomain</systemitem>
for your &DISTRO; system. If you have more than one computer on
this network, you should give each one a separate host name in
this domain.</para>
<tip>
<title>Valid Hostnames</title>
<para>
You may give your system any name provided that the full
hostname is unique. The hostname may include letters, numbers
and hyphens.
</para>
</tip>
<para>If your &DISTRO; system is connected
<emphasis>directly</emphasis> to the Internet, you must pay
attention to additional considerations to avoid service
interruptions or risk action by your upstream service provider. A
full discussion of these issues is beyond the scope of this
document.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-network-misc-settings">
<title>Miscellaneous Settings</title>
<para>
To manually configure a network interface, you may also provide
other network settings for your computer. All of these settings
are the IP addresses of other systems on the network.
</para>
<para>
A <firstterm>gateway</firstterm> <indexterm>
<primary>gateway</primary>
</indexterm> is the device that provides access to other networks.
Gateways are also referred to as <indexterm>
<primary>router</primary>
<see>gateway</see>
</indexterm> <firstterm>routers</firstterm>. If your system
connects to other networks through a gateway, enter its IP address
in the <guilabel>Gateway</guilabel> box.
</para>
<para>
Most software relies on the <indexterm>
<primary>DNS (Domain Name Service)</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>DNS</firstterm> (Domain Name Service)
provider to locate machines and services on the network. DNS
converts hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa. A &FC; system
may use more than one DNS server. If the primary DNS server does
not respond, the computer sends any query to the secondary DNS
server, and so on. To assign DNS servers, type their IP addresses
into the <guilabel>Primary DNS</guilabel> or <guilabel>Secondary
DNS</guilabel> boxes.
</para>
<para>
Select <guibutton>Next</guibutton> once you are satisfied with the
network settings for your system.
</para>
</section>
</chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-new-users">
<title>New Users</title>
<para>This chapter explains how to get the files you need to install
and run &DISTRO; on your computer. Some of the concepts in this
chapter may be new, since you may never have downloaded a complete
free operating system.</para>
<tip>
<title>Additional Help</title>
<para>If you have trouble with this chapter, you may be able to find
help by visiting the Fedora Forums at <ulink
url="http://www.fedoraforum.org/"/></para>
</tip>
<section id="sn-howto-download">
<title>How Do I Download Installation Files?</title>
<para>The &FP; distributes &DISTRO; in many ways, most of which are
free of cost and downloadable over the Internet. The most common
distribution method is CD and DVD media. There are several types
of CD and DVD media available, including:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>A full set of the installable software on DVD media</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A Live image that you can use to try
&DISTRO;, and install it to your system if you like it</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Minimal boot CD and USB flash disk images that allows you
to install over an Internet connection</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A reduced-size rescue CD image that allows you to install
over an Internet connection, and fix problems with
malfunctioning &DISTRO; systems</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Source code on DVD media</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Most users want either the Live image or the full set of
installable software on DVD. The minimal boot CD image is
suitable for users who have a fast Internet connection and only
want to install &DISTRO; on one computer. Source code discs are
not used for installing &DISTRO;, but are useful to experienced
users and software developers.</para>
<tip>
<title>Downloading media</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>CD/DVD media</primary>
<secondary>downloading</secondary>
<seealso>ISO images</seealso>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>ISO images</primary>
<secondary>downloading</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>USB flash media</primary>
<secondary>downloading</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Users with a broadband Internet connection can download
<firstterm>ISO images</firstterm> of CD and DVD media or images
of USB flash disks. An ISO image is a copy of an entire disc in
a format suitable for writing directly to a CD or DVD. A USB
flash disk image is a copy of an entire disk in a format
suitable for writing directly to a USB flash disk.</para>
<para>For more information on burning CDs and DVDs, refer to
<xref linkend="sn-making-media"/>.</para>
</tip>
<para>&DISTRO; software is available for download at no cost in a
variety of ways. </para>
<section id="sn-which-download-mirror">
<title>From a Mirror</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>mirror</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>To find the freely downloadable distributions of &DISTRO;,
look for a <firstterm>mirror</firstterm>. A mirror is a computer
server that is open to the public for free downloads of
software, including &DISTRO; and often other free and open
source software. To locate a mirror, visit <ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mirrors"/> using a Web
browser, and choose a server from the list. The web page lists
mirrors by geographic location. You may want to choose a mirror
that is geographically close to you for faster speed.</para>
<para>Mirrors publish &DISTRO; software under a well-organized
hierarchy of folders. For example, the &DISTRO; &DISTROVER;
distribution normally appears in the directory <filename
class="directory">&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/</filename>.
This directory contains a folder for each architecture supported
by that release of &DISTRO;. CD and DVD media files appear
inside that folder, in a folder called iso/. For example, you
can find the file for the DVD distribution of &DISTRO;
&DISTROVER; for x86_64 at
<filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/x86_64/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-x86_64-DVD.iso</filename>.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-which-download-bt">
<title>From BitTorrent</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>BitTorrent</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>BitTorrent</primary>
<secondary>seeding</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>BitTorrent is a way to download information in cooperation
with other computers. Each computer cooperating in the group
downloads pieces of the information in a particular torrent from
other peers in the group. Computers that have finished
downloading all the data in a torrent remain in the swarm to
<firstterm>seed</firstterm>, or provide data to other peers. If
you download using BitTorrent, as a courtesy you should seed the
torrent at least until you have uploaded at least the same
amount of data you downloaded.</para>
<para>If your computer does not have software installed for
BitTorrent, visit the BitTorrent home page at <ulink
url="http://www.bittorrent.com/download/"/> to download it.
BitTorrent client software is available for Windows, Mac OS,
Linux, and many other operating systems.</para>
<para>You do not need to find a special mirror for BitTorrent
files. The BitTorrent protocol ensures that your computer
participates in a nearby group. To download and use the &DISTRO;
BitTorrent files, visit <ulink
url="http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/"/>.</para>
<tip>
<title>Minimal Boot Images</title>
<para>Minimal boot CD and USB flash disk images are not
available through BitTorrent.</para>
</tip>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-which-arch">
<title>Which Architecture Is My Computer?</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>architecture</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Releases are separated by <firstterm>architecture</firstterm>,
or type of computer processor. Use the following table to
determine the architecture of your computer according to the type
of processor. Consult your manufacturer's documentation for
details on the processor if necessary.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>architecture</primary>
<secondary>determining</secondary>
</indexterm>
<segmentedlist>
<title>Processor and Architecture Types</title>
<segtitle>Processor Manufacturer and Model</segtitle>
<segtitle>Architecture Type for &DISTRO;</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Intel (except Core 2 Duo, Centrino Core 2 Duo, or Xeon),
AMD (except 64 or x2 dual-core), VIA C4, Apple MacBook
Pro</seg>
<seg><systemitem>i386</systemitem></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Intel Core 2 Duo, Centrino Core 2 Duo, and Xeon; AMD
Athlon64/x2, Sempron64/x2, Duron64</seg>
<seg><systemitem>x86_64</systemitem></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Apple Macintosh G3, G4, G5, PowerBook, and other non-Intel
models</seg>
<seg><systemitem>ppc</systemitem></seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
<tip>
<title><systemitem>i386</systemitem> Works for Most Windows
Compatible Computers</title>
<para>If you are unsure what type of processor your computer has,
and you are not using an Apple Macintosh, choose
<systemitem>i386</systemitem>.</para>
</tip>
</section>
<section id="sn-which-files">
<title>Which Files Do I Download?</title>
<para>You have several options to download &DISTRO;. Read the
options below to decide which is best for you.</para>
<para>The architecture type appears in the name of the downloadable
files for each &DISTRO; distribution. For example, the file for
the DVD distribution of &DISTRO; &DISTROVER; for x86_64 is named
<filename>&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-x86_64-DVD.iso</filename>. Refer to
<xref
linkend="sn-which-arch"/> if you are unsure of your computer's
architecture.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Full Distribution on DVD</title>
<para>If you have plenty of time and a fast Internet
connection, and want to be able to install a broader choice
of software, download the full DVD version. Both types of
media are bootable, and include an installation program as
well as a mode to perform rescue operations on your &DISTRO;
system in an emergency. You can download the DVD version
directly from a mirror, or via BitTorrent.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Live Image</title>
<para>If you want to try &DISTRO; before you install it on
your computer, download the Live image version. If your
computer supports booting from CD, you can boot the
operating system without making any changes to your hard
disk. The Live image also provides an "Install to Hard Disk"
menu option. If you decide you like what you see, and want
to install it, simply activate the selection to copy
&DISTRO; to your hard disk. You can download the Live image
directly from a mirror, or using BitTorrent.</para>
</formalpara>
<note>
<title>No Live Images for <systemitem>ppc</systemitem></title>
<para>&DISTRO; does not offer Live images available for the
<systemitem>ppc</systemitem> architecture due to resource
constraints.</para>
</note>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Minimal Boot Media</title>
<para>If you have a fast Internet connection but do not want
to download the entire distribution, you can download a
small boot image. &DISTRO; offers images for a minimal boot
environment on CD or USB flash disk, and a reduced size
rescue CD image. Once you boot your system with the minimal
media, you can install &DISTRO; directly over the Internet.
Although this method still involves downloading a
significant amount of data over the Internet, it is almost
always much less than the size of the full distribution
media. Once you have finished installation, you can add or
remove software to your system as desired.</para>
</formalpara>
<tip>
<title>Download Size</title>
<para>Installing the default software for &DISTRO; over the
Internet requires more time than the Live image, but less time
than the entire DVD distribution. Actual results depend on
the actual software you select and network traffic
conditions.</para>
</tip>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>The following table explains where to find the desired files
on a mirror site.</para>
<segmentedlist>
<title>Locating Files</title>
<segtitle>Media Type</segtitle>
<segtitle>File Locations</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Full distribution on DVD</seg>
<seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Live/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-DVD.iso</filename></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Live image</seg>
<seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Live/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-Live.iso</filename>,
<filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Live/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-KDE-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-Live.iso</filename></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Minimal CD boot media</seg>
<seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Fedora/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os/images/boot.iso</filename></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Minimal USB boot media</seg>
<seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Fedora/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os/images/diskboot.img</filename></seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Rescue CD boot media</seg>
<seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Fedora/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-rescuecd.iso</filename></seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
</section>
<section id="sn-making-media">
<title>How Do I Make &DISTRO; Media?</title>
<para>To make media, choose one of the following options:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Making CD and DVD Media</title>
<para>To learn how to turn ISO images into CD or DVD media,
refer to <ulink
url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/readme-burning-isos/"/>.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<!-- We don't cover making a Live USB stick here because it's not
something people who need the Installation Guide would really be
able to do. If a user has a Linux system up and running, why
would she be reading this? -->
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Making Minimal USB Boot Media</title>
<para>The minimal USB disk image,
<filename>diskboot.img</filename>, requires a blank USB
flash drive. <emphasis>Writing the minimal USB boot image
to a USB flash drive will destroy all the data on the
drive.</emphasis></para>
</formalpara>
<para>On a Linux system, as <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem>, use the following
command to write the image to the drive:</para>
<screen><command>dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/sd<replaceable>X</replaceable></command></screen>
<warning>
<title>Write to the Correct Device</title>
<para>Make sure you are writing to the proper disk. Consult
the <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> log or use the
<command>dmesg</command> command. If your system supports
dynamic device creation, run the command <command>ls -l
/dev/disk/by-id/</command> to locate the device.</para>
</warning>
<para>A comparable <command>dd</command> program for Windows
systems is available at <ulink
url="http://users.erols.com/gmgarner/forensics/"/>. The
website gives examples of how to use this Windows program to
copy an image to a physical disk device.</para>
<note>
<title>Caveat Emptor</title>
<para>This website is not part of the &FP;, and the &FP; is
not responsible for its content.</para>
</note>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="sn-cannot-download">
<title>What If I Cannot Download &DISTRO;?</title>
<para>If you do not have a fast Internet connection, or if you have
a problem creating boot media, downloading may not be an option.
&DISTRO; DVD and CD distribution media is available from a number
of online sources around the world at a minimal cost. Use your
favorite Web search engine to locate a vendor, or refer to <ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Distribution"/>.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-start-installation">
<title>How Do I Start the Installation Program?</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>CD/DVD media</primary>
<secondary>booting</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>USB flash media</primary>
<secondary>booting</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>To start the installation program from minimal boot media, the
rescue CD, or the distribution DVD, follow this procedure:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Power off your computer system.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Disconnect any external FireWire or USB disks that you do
not need for installation. Refer to <xref
linkend="sn-partitioning-fw-usb"/> for more
information.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Insert the media in your computer and turn it on.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>You may need to hit a specific key or combination of keys to
boot from the media, or configure your system's <firstterm>Basic
Input/Output System</firstterm>, or <acronym>BIOS</acronym>, to
boot from the media. On most computers you must select the boot
or BIOS option promptly after turning on the computer. Most
Windows-compatible computer systems use a special key such as
<keycap>F1</keycap>, <keycap>F2</keycap>, <keycap>F12</keycap>, or
<keycap>Del</keycap> to start the BIOS configuration menu. On
Apple computers, the <keycap>C</keycap> key boots the system from
the DVD drive.</para>
<tip>
<title>Configuring the BIOS</title>
<para>If you are not sure what capabilities your computer has, or
how to configure the BIOS, consult the documentation provided by
the manufacturer. Detailed information on hardware
specifications and configuration is beyond the scope of this
document.</para>
</tip>
</section>
</chapter>
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-next-steps">
<title>Your Next Steps</title>
<para>
&FED; provides you with a complete operating system with a vast
range of capabilities, supported by a large community.
</para>
<section id="sn-system-updating">
<title>Updating Your System</title>
<para>
The &FP; releases updated software packages for &FC; throughout
the support period of each version. Updated packages add new
features, improve reliability, resolve bugs, or remove security
vulnerabilities. To ensure the security of your system, update
regularly, and as soon as possible after a security announcement
is issued. Refer to
<xref linkend="sn-news-subscriptions"/> for information on the
&FED; announcements services.
</para>
<para>
A new update applet, called <application>puplet</application>,
reminds you of updates when they are available. The
<application>puplet</application> applet is installed by default
in &FC;. It checks for software updates from all configured
repositories, and runs as a background service. It generates a
notification message on the desktop if updates are found, and you
can click the message to update your system's software.
</para>
<para>
To update your system with the latest packages manually, use the
<indexterm>
<primary>Software Updater</primary>
</indexterm> <application>Software Updater</application>:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Software
Updater</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
When prompted, enter the
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Review the list of updated packages. The package list displays
a double arrow next to any updates that require a system
reboot to take effect.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click <guibutton>Apply Updates</guibutton> to begin the update
process.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If one or more updates require a system reboot, the update
process displays a dialog with the option to <guibutton>Reboot
Now</guibutton>. Either select this option to reboot the
system immediately, or <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> it and
reboot the system at a more convenient time.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
To update packages from the command-line, use the
<indexterm>
<primary>yum</primary>
</indexterm>
<command>yum</command> utility. Type this command to begin a full
update of your system with <command>yum</command>:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>su -c 'yum update'</userinput>
</screen>
<para>
Enter the <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> password
when prompted.
</para>
<para>
Refer to <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/"/> for
more information on <command>yum</command>.
</para>
<note>
<title>Network Connection Required</title>
<para>
Ensure that your system has an active network connection before
you run the <application>Software Updater</application>, or the
<command>yum</command> utility. The update process downloads
information and packages from a network of servers.
</para>
</note>
<para>
If your &FED; system has a permanent network connection, you may
choose to enable daily system updates. To enable automatic
updates, follow the instructions on the webpage <ulink
url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/sn-updating-your-system.html"/>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-news-subscriptions">
<title>Subscribing to &FED; Announcements and News</title>
<para>
To receive information about package updates, subscribe to either
the announcements mailing list, or the RSS feeds.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
&FP; announcements mailing list
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-announce-list"/>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
&FP; RSS feeds
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/infofeed/"/>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
The announcements mailing list also provides you with news on the
&FP;, and the &FED; community.
</para>
<important>
<title>Security Announcements</title>
<para>
Announcements with the keyword
<wordasword>[SECURITY]</wordasword> in the title identify
package updates that resolve security vulnerabilities.
</para>
</important>
</section>
<section id="sn-web-help">
<title>Finding Documentation and Support</title>
<para>
Members of the &FED; community provides support through mailing
lists, Web forums and Linux User Groups (LUGs) across the world.
</para>
<para>
The Web site for the formally endorsed forums is
<ulink
url="http://forums.fedoraforum.org/"/>.
</para>
<para>
The following resources provide information on many aspects of
&FED;:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
The FAQ on the &FP; website
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ/"/>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
The documents available from the &FDP; Web site
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/"/>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
The Linux Documentation Project (LDP)
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/"/>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
The &RHEL; documentation, much of which also applies to
&FED;
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink
url="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/"/>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Many other organizations and individuals also provide tutorials
and HOWTOs for &FED; on their Web sites. You can locate
information on any topic by using Google's Linux search site,
located at <ulink url="http://www.google.com/linux"/>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-community">
<title>Joining the &FED; Community</title>
<para>
The &FP; is driven by the individuals that contribute to it.
Community members provide support and documentation to other
users, help to improve the software included in &FC; by testing,
and develop new software alongside the programmers employed by
&RH;. The results of this work are available to all.
</para>
<para>
To make a difference, start here:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Join"/>
</para>
</section>
</chapter>
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<!DOCTYPE preface PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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<!-- $Id: -->
<preface id="ch-intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<section>
<title>About &FC;</title>
<para>
&FC; is a complete desktop and server operating system created
entirely with open source software.
</para>
<caution>
<title>&FC; Lifecycle</title>
<para>
&FC; is a rapidly evolving system which follows the latest
technical developments. &FC; may not be appropriate for use in
business-critical applications in your organization.
</para>
</caution>
<para>
For complete access to information about &FC;, refer to the
official project wiki at <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/"/>
and <xref linkend="ch-next-steps"/>.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>About this Manual</title>
<para>
This manual helps you install &FC; on desktops, laptops and
servers. The installation system is flexible enough to use even if
you have no previous knowledge of Linux or computer networks. If
you select default options, &FC; provides a complete desktop
operating system, including productivity applications, Internet
utilities, and desktop tools.
</para>
<para>
This document does not detail all of the features of the
installation system.
</para>
&BUG-REPORTING;
</section>
<xi:include href="./acknowledgements.xml" xpointer="element(sn-acknowledgements)"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/>
</preface>
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<chapter id="ch-other-install-methods">
<title>Installation Methods</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>If you booted the distribution DVD and did not use the
alternate installation source option <option>askmethod</option>,
the next stage loads automatically from the DVD. Proceed to
<xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you used the <option>askmethod</option> option or booted
from minimal boot media or a PXE server, proceed to <xref
linkend="sn-alt-install-method"/>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<section id="sn-alt-install-method">
<title>Alternative Installation Methods</title>
<note>
<title>CD/DVD Activity</title>
<para>
If you booted with the &DISTRO; distribution DVD, the
installation program loads its next stage from that disc. This
happens regardless of which installation method you choose,
unless you eject the disc before you proceed. The installation
program still downloads <emphasis>package data</emphasis> from
the source you choose.
</para>
</note>
<para>
Even if you booted from alternative media, you can still install
&FC; from CD or DVD media. Alternately, you can install from ISO
images stored on your computer's hard disk, or from a network
server.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
To install from CD or DVD media, insert a &FC; DVD or the
first installation CD, select <guilabel>Local
CDROM</guilabel>, and proceed to <xref
linkend="ch-welcome"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
To install from ISO images on a hard disk, select <guilabel>Hard
drive</guilabel> and proceed to <xref
linkend="sn-installing-from-harddrive"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
To install from a network, using NFS, FTP, or HTTP, proceed to
<xref linkend="sn-install-tcpip-config"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="sn-installing-from-harddrive">
<title>Installation from a Hard Drive</title>
<para>
Once you have booted your computer, you may use ISO image files of
the &FED; discs to continue the installation process. The ISO
files must be located on a hard drive that is either internal to
the computer, or attached to the machine by USB. You can use this
option to install &FC; on computers that have neither a network
connection nor CD or DVD drives.
</para>
<para>
The partition on the hard drive holding the ISO files must be
formatted with the
<indexterm>
<primary>ext2</primary>
<see>file systems</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>file systems</primary>
<secondary>ext2</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>ext2</firstterm>,
<indexterm>
<primary>ext3</primary>
<see>file systems</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>file systems</primary>
<secondary>ext3</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>ext3</firstterm> or
<indexterm>
<primary>vfat</primary>
<see>file systems</see>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>file systems</primary>
<secondary>vfat</secondary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>vfat</firstterm> file system. In &FED;,
<systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> includes a range
of file systems, such as FAT-16 and FAT-32, found on most
removable media. External hard drives usually contain <systemitem
class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> (FAT-32) file systems. Some
Microsoft Windows systems also use <systemitem
class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> file systems on internal
hard disk partitions.
</para>
<para>
Before you begin installation from a hard drive, check the
partition type to ensure that &FED; can read it. To check a
partition's file system under Windows, use the <application>Disk
Management</application> tool. To check a partition's file
system under Linux, use the <command>fdisk</command> utility.
</para>
<important>
<title>Cannot Install from LVM Partitions</title>
<para>
You cannot use ISO files on partitions controlled by LVM
(Logical Volume Management).
</para>
</important>
<para>
Select the partition containing the ISO files from the list of
available partitions. Internal IDE, SATA, SCSI, and USB drive
device names begin with <filename>/dev/sd</filename>. Each
individual drive has its own letter, for example
<filename>/dev/sda</filename>. Each partition on a drive is
numbered, for example <filename>/dev/sda1</filename>.
</para>
<para>
Also specify the <guilabel>Directory holding images</guilabel>.
Enter the full directory path from the drive that contains the ISO
image files. The following table shows some examples of how to
enter this information:
</para>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>Partition type</segtitle>
<segtitle>Volume</segtitle>
<segtitle>Original path to files</segtitle>
<segtitle>Directory to use</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>VFAT, NTFS</seg>
<seg>D:\</seg>
<seg>D:\Downloads\&FCX;&FCVER;</seg>
<seg>Downloads/&FCX;&FCVER;</seg>
</seglistitem>
<seglistitem>
<seg>ext2, ext3</seg>
<seg>/home</seg>
<seg>/home/user1/&FCX;&FCVER;</seg>
<seg>user1/&FCX;&FCVER;</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
<para>
Select <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to continue. Proceed with <xref
linkend="ch-welcome"/>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-install-tcpip-config">
<title>Installation TCP/IP Configuration</title>
<para>
The installation program is network-aware and can use network
settings for a number of functions. For instance, you can install
&FC; from a network server using FTP, HTTP, or
<indexterm>
<primary>NFS (Network File System)</primary>
<secondary>install from</secondary>
</indexterm> NFS protocols. You can also instruct the
installation program to consult additional software repositories
later in the process.
</para>
<para>
By default, the installation program uses DHCP to automatically
provide network settings. If you use a cable or DSL modem,
router, firewall, or other network hardware to communicate with
the Internet, DHCP is a suitable option. In a business
environment, consult with your network administrators for
appropriate settings. If your network has no DHCP server, clear
the check box labeled <guilabel>Use dynamic IP configuration
(DHCP)</guilabel>.
</para>
<para>
The installation program supports both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. If
you are not sure which addressing scheme your network uses, it is
safe to leave both options selected. Refer also to <xref
linkend="ch-networkconfig"/> for more information on configuring
your network.
</para>
<note>
<title>DHCP Responses Take Time</title>
<para>
If you select options for a protocol not used on your network,
or vice versa, it may take additional time to receive network
settings from the DHCP server.
</para>
</note>
<para>
These settings apply only during the installation process. The
installation program allows you to configure the final network
configuration later.
</para>
<para>
You can install from a Web, FTP, or NFS server either on your
local network or, if you are connected, on the Internet. You may
install &DISTRO; from your own private mirror, or use one of the
public mirrors maintained by members of the community. To ensure
that the connection is as fast and reliable as possible, use a
server that is close to your own geographical location.
</para>
<para>
The &FP; maintains a list of HTTP and FTP public mirrors, sorted
by region, at <ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mirrors"/>. To determine the
complete directory path for the installation files, add
<filename>/&FCLOCALVER;/&DISTRO;/<replaceable>architecture</replaceable>/os/</filename>
to the path shown on the web page. A correct mirror location for
an <systemitem>i386</systemitem> system resembles the URL
<literal>http://mirror.example.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/&FCLOCALVER;/&DISTRO;/i386/os</literal>.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
If you are installing via NFS, proceed to <xref
linkend="sn-nfs-install-settings"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you are installing via FTP, proceed to <xref
linkend="sn-ftp-install-settings"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you are installing via HTTP, proceed to <xref
linkend="sn-http-install-settings"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="sn-nfs-install-settings">
<title>NFS Installation Setup</title>
<para>
To install from a NFS server, select <guilabel>NFS</guilabel> from
the <guilabel>Installation Method</guilabel> menu and select
<guilabel>OK</guilabel>. Enter the name or IP address of the NFS
server and the directory where the installation files reside.
</para>
<note>
<title>NFS Mirror Availability</title>
<para>
Public NFS mirrors are rare due to security concerns with NFS
that do not necessarily apply to FTP or HTTP servers. The &FP;
does not maintain a list of public NFS mirrors for &FC;.
</para>
</note>
<para>
Select <guilabel>OK</guilabel> to continue. Proceed with <xref
linkend="ch-welcome"/>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-ftp-install-settings">
<title>FTP Installation Setup</title>
<para>
To install from a FTP server, select <guilabel>FTP</guilabel> from
the <guilabel>Installation Method</guilabel> menu and select
<guilabel>OK</guilabel>. Enter the name or IP address of the FTP
server and the directory where the installation files reside.
</para>
<para>
Select <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to continue. If you are using the
default, anonymous FTP service, continue with <xref
linkend="ch-welcome"/>.
</para>
<section id="sn-ftp-non-anonymous">
<title>Non-Anonymous FTP Setup</title>
<para>
The FTP service setup dialog also has a <guilabel>Use
non-anonymous ftp</guilabel> option. If your FTP server does
not provide anonymous access, select this check box. You must
have an account on the FTP server to use this option.</para>
<para>Enter your username and password in the spaces provided.
Then select <guilabel>OK</guilabel> to continue. Proceed with
<xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="sn-http-install-settings">
<title>HTTP Installation Setup</title>
<para>
To install from a Web (HTTP) server, select
<guilabel>HTTP</guilabel> from the <guilabel>Installation
Method</guilabel> menu and select <guilabel>OK</guilabel>.
</para>
<para>
Enter the name or IP address of the Web server and the directory
where the installation files reside. Select
<guilabel>OK</guilabel> to continue. Proceed with <xref
linkend="ch-welcome"/>.
</para>
</section>
</chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-packageselection">
<title>Software Selection</title>
<para>
By default, the &FED; installation process loads a selection of
software that is suitable for a desktop system. To include or remove
software for common tasks, select the relevant items from the list:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Office and Productivity</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option provides the OpenOffice.org productivity suite,
the Planner project management application, graphical tools
such as the GIMP, and multimedia applications.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Software Development</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option provides the necessary tools to compile software
on your &FED; system.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Web server</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option provides the Apache Web server.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<section id="sn-additional-repos">
<title>Installing from Additional Repositories</title>
<para>
You can define additional <firstterm>repositories</firstterm> to
increase the software available to your system during
installation. A repository is a network location that stores
software packages along with <firstterm>metadata</firstterm> that
describes them. Many of the software packages used in &FED;
require other software to be installed. The installer uses the
metadata to ensure that these requirements are met for every piece
of software you select for installation.
</para>
<para>
To include software from <firstterm>repositories</firstterm> other
than the &FED; package collection, select <guilabel>Add additional
software repositories</guilabel>. The following list includes
examples of ways you can use this option.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Get the Latest Fedora Software</title>
<para>
If you provide the location of a repository of updates for
&DISTRO;, your system will have the most recent versions of
&DISTRO; software. You will not need to peform a system
update immediately after installation to get these updates.
This usage is ideal if you are installing over the Internet
or any network where bandwidth is a concern.
</para>
</formalpara>
<caution>
<title>Upgrading and Updates</title>
<para>Package updates during the release cycle of a single
verison of &FC; are intended to upgrade only that version.
If you are upgrading a previous version of &FC;, you may
encounter problems if you include an update repository
during this step. Problems are less likely when performing
a fresh installation.</para>
</caution>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Install Third-party Software</title>
<para>You may provide the location of a repository of
third-party software. Depending on the configuration of
that repository, you may be able to select non-Fedora
software during installation.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
If you select <guilabel>Add additional software
repositories</guilabel>, the <guilabel>Add repository</guilabel>
dialog appears. Provide a <guilabel>Repository name</guilabel> and
the <guilabel>Repository URL</guilabel> for its location.
</para>
<tip>
<title>&DISTRO; Software Mirrors</title>
<para>To find a &DISTRO; software mirror near you, refer to <ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mirrors"/>.</para>
</tip>
<para>
Once you provide information for an additional repository, the
installer reads the package metadata over the network. Software
that is specially marked is then included in the package group
selection system. See <xref linkend="sn-package-selection"/> for
more information on selecting packages.
</para>
<note>
<title>Backtracking Removes Repository Metadata</title>
<para>
If you choose <guilabel>Back</guilabel> from the package
selection screen, any extra repository data you may have entered
is lost. This allows you to effectively cancel extra
repositories. Currently there is no way to cancel only a single
repository once entered.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="sn-package-selection">
<title>Customizing the Software Selection</title>
<para>
Select <guilabel>Customize now</guilabel> to specify the software
packages for your final system in more detail. This option causes
the installation process to display an additional customization
screen when you select <guibutton>Next</guibutton>.
</para>
<note>
<title>Installing Support for Additional Languages</title>
<para>
Select <guilabel>Customize now</guilabel> to install support for
additional languages. Refer to <xref
linkend="sn-lang-packages"/> for more information on
configuring language support.
</para>
</note>
<para>
&FED; divides the included software into
<indexterm>
<primary>package groups</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm>package groups</firstterm>. For ease of
use, the package selection screen displays these groups as six
categories:
</para>
<figure id="fig-package-selection">
<title>Package Group Selection Screen</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata align="center" fileref="./figs/packagegroups.eps" format="EPS"/>
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata align="center" fileref="./figs/packagegroups.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>
Package group selection screen.
</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>
To view the package groups for a category, select the category
from the list on the left. The list on the right displays the
package groups for the currently selected category.
</para>
<para>
To specify a package group for installation, select the check box
next to the group. The box at the bottom of the screen displays
the details of the package group that is currently highlighted.
<emphasis>None</emphasis> of the packages from a group will be
installed unless the check box for that group is selected.
</para>
<para>
If you select a package group, &FED; automatically installs the
base and mandatory packages for that group. To change which
optional packages within a selected group will be installed,
select the <guibutton>Optional Packages</guibutton> button under
the description of the group. Then use the check box next to an
individual package name to change its selection.
</para>
<para>
After you choose the desired packages, select
<guilabel>Next</guilabel> to proceed. &FC; checks your selection,
and automatically adds any extra packages required to use the
software you select.
</para>
<section id="sn-changing-selection">
<title>Changing Your Mind</title>
<para>
The packages that you select are not permanent. After you boot
your system, use the <application>pirut</application> tool to
either install new software or remove installed packages. To run
this tool, from the main menu, select <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Add/Remove Software</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>. The &FED; software management system downloads
the latest packages from network servers, rather than using
those on the installation discs.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-lang-packages">
<title>Additional Language Support</title>
<para>
Your &FC; system automatically supports the language that you
selected at the start of the installation process. To include
support for additional languages, select the package group for
those languages from the <guilabel>Languages</guilabel>
category.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-mandatory-services">
<title>Core Network Services</title>
<para>
All Fedora Core installations include the following network
services:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
centralized logging through syslog
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
email through SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
network file sharing through NFS (Network File System)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
remote access through SSH (Secure SHell)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
resource advertising through mDNS (multicast DNS)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The default installation also provides:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
network file transfer through HTTP (HyperText Transfer
Protocol)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
printing through CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
remote desktop access through VNC (Virtual Network
Computing)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Some automated processes on your Fedora system use the email
service to send reports and messages to the system
administrator. By default, the email, logging, and printing
services do not accept connections from other systems. &FED;
installs the NFS sharing, HTTP, and VNC components without
enabling those services.
</para>
<para>
You may configure your Fedora system after installation to offer
email, file sharing, logging, printing and remote desktop access
services. The SSH service is enabled by default. You may use NFS
to access files on other systems without enabling the NFS
sharing service.
</para>
</section>
</section>
</chapter>
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%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
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%DOC-ENTITIES;
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<chapter id="ch-preparing-media">
<title>Preparing Media</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>discs</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>media</primary>
<secondary>installation</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
To install &FC; from discs, you need any one of the following:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>a set of installation CDs or DVDs of the &FED;
distribution</para>
<tip>
<title>Set Size May Vary</title>
<para>In some cases, there may be only one disc in a set.</para>
</tip>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A &FED; rescue CD</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A &FED; boot-only CD</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
For instructions to download and prepare this CD or DVD installation
media, refer to <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Distribution/Download"/>. If you
already have the full set of &FC; installation media, skip to
<xref
linkend="sn-booting-from-disc"/>.
</para>
<para>
There are separate discs and sets for each supported architecture.
</para>
<important>
<title>Architecture-Specific Distributions</title>
<para>
To install &FC;, you must use the boot and installation media that is
particular to your architecture. Refer to <xref
linkend="sn-which-arch"/> for information on hardware architectures
and how to determine the right one for your computer.
</para>
</important>
<para>
You may use the first CD or DVD installation disc from the complete &FC;
distribution to boot your computer. The &FC; distribution also includes
<firstterm>image files</firstterm> for boot-only CD or DVD media and USB
media. You can convert these files into bootable media using standard Linux
utilities or third-party programs on other operating systems.
</para>
<para>
You may boot your computer with boot-only media, and load the installation
system from another source to continue the process. The types of
installation source for &FED; include:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
CD or DVD media installation discs
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
hard drive, either attached by USB, or internal to the computer
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
network installation server, using either HTTP, FTP, or NFS
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
You can use this facility to install &FC; on machines without using
installation discs. For example, you may install &FC; on a laptop with no CD
or DVD drive by booting the machine with a USB pen drive, and then using a
hard drive as an installation source.
</para>
<para>
The supported boot media for &FED; include:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
CD or DVD media (either installation disc #1 or a special boot-only
disc)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
USB media
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
network interface (via PXE)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<note>
<title>Installation from Diskettes</title>
<para>
There is no option to either boot or install &FC; from diskettes.
</para>
</note>
<section id="sn-preparing-cd-or-dvd-media">
<title>Preparing CD or DVD Media</title>
<para>
The <filename>images/boot.iso</filename> file on the first &FC;
installation disc is a boot image designed for CD and DVD media. This file
also appears on FTP and Web sites providing &FC;. You can also find this
file on mirror sites in the &FC; distribution directory for your
particular architecture.
</para>
<para>
The &FC; distribution is also downloadable as a set of CD-sized ISO image
files or a single DVD-sized ISO image file. You can record these files to
CD or DVD using a CD or DVD burning program on your current operating
system:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Windows operating systems</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Burn an ISO image to disc using your installed CD or DVD burning
software. Most software has an option labeled <guilabel>Burn image
file to disc</guilabel> or <guilabel>Make disc from ISO
image</guilabel>. If your software offers a choice of image
formats, choose "ISO image" as the file type. If several ISO formats
are offered, choose the closest match to "Mode 1, 2048-byte blocks."
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Apple Mac OS X</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Open the <guilabel>Disk Utility</guilabel> application,
found in the <filename>/Applications/Utilities</filename>
folder. Select
<menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Open Disk Image</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> and select the ISO image. From the list of
volumes, select the item representing the ISO image. Select
<guibutton>Burn</guibutton> and follow the instructions.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Linux operating systems</term>
<listitem>
<para>
If you are using a recent version of the GNOME desktop
environment, right-click the ISO image file and choose
<guilabel>Write to disc</guilabel>. If you are using a recent
version of the KDE desktop environment, use
<application>K3B</application> and select <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Burn CD Image</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>, or <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Burn DVD ISO
Image</guimenuitem> </menuchoice> if appropriate. The following
command line works for many other environments:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>cdrecord --device=<replaceable>cdwriter-device</replaceable> -tao -eject <replaceable>image-file.iso</replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<note>
<title>System-Specific Instructions</title>
<para>
Unfortunately this guide cannot offer specific instructions for every
possible combination of hardware and software. You can find more
information at <ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Drafts/BurningDiscs"/>.
Consult your operating system's documentation and online support
services, and <xref linkend="sn-web-help"/> for additional help if
needed.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="sn-preparing-usb-media">
<title>Preparing USB Boot Media</title>
<warning>
<title>Data Loss</title>
<para>
<emphasis>This procedure destroys data on the media.</emphasis> Back up
any important information before you begin. Some models of USB media use
additional partitions or software to provide functions such as
encryption. This procedure may make it difficult or impossible to access
these special areas on your boot media.
</para>
</warning>
<para>
The <filename>images/diskboot.img</filename> file on the first &FC;
installation disc is a boot image designed for USB media. This file also
appears on FTP and Web sites providing &FC;.
</para>
<para>
Several software utilities are available for Windows and Linux that can
write image files to a device. Linux includes the <command>dd</command>
command for this purpose.
</para>
<para>
The <command>dd</command> utility requires you to specify the
device file that corresponds to the physical media. The name of
the device file matches the name assigned to the device by your
system. All device files appear in the directory
<filename>/dev/</filename>. For example,
<filename>/dev/sda</filename> denotes the first USB, SATA, or SCSI
device that is attached to the system.
</para>
<para>
To learn the name that your system assigns to the media:
</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>
Open a terminal window. On a &FED; system, choose
<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem> </menuchoice> to start a
terminal.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Attach or insert the media.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
In the terminal window, type the following command:
</para>
<screen><userinput>dmesg</userinput></screen>
<para>
Look for the items in the <command>dmesg</command> output that relate
to the detection of a new SCSI device. Linux systems treat USB media
as SCSI devices.
</para>
<tip>
<title>Using the Device Mapper</title>
<para>
On &FC; 5 and later systems, it may be easier to find the
right device name by examining the <filename
class="directory">/dev/disk/</filename> directory. Use the
command <command>ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</command> to see the
disk devices collated by model and device name.
</para>
</tip>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Unmount the media. On a &FED; system, right-click the icon that
corresponds to the media, and select <guimenuitem>Unmount
Volume</guimenuitem>. Alternatively, enter this command in a
terminal window:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>umount /dev/<replaceable><device></replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
<para>
Replace <replaceable><device></replaceable> with the
name of the correct device file for the media.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>
To write an image file to boot media with <command>dd</command> on a
current version of &FC;, carry out the following steps:
</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>
Locate the image file.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Attach or insert the media.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Your system may automatically detect and open the media. If that
happens, close or unmount the media before continuing.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Open a terminal window.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
In the terminal window, type the following command:
</para>
<screen>
<userinput>dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/<replaceable><device></replaceable></userinput>
</screen>
<para>
Replace <replaceable><device></replaceable> with the
name of the correct device file for the media.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</section>
</chapter>
<!--
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fill-column: 72
End:
-->
--- NEW FILE pxe-server.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FDP-ENTITIES SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FDP-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<appendix id="ap-pxe-server">
<title>Setting Up a PXE Server</title>
<note>
<title>Experience Required</title>
<para>This appendix is intended for users with previous Linux
experience. If you are a new user, you may want to install using
minimal boot media or the distribution DVD instead.</para>
</note>
<para>This section discusses how to set up a <firstterm>Pre-boot
eXecution Environment</firstterm> (<acronym>PXE</acronym>) boot
server for machines that cannot boot from CD, DVD, or USB media. PXE
is a special extension of services provided by the
<firstterm>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</firstterm>
(<acronym>DHCP</acronym>). It uses a <firstterm>Trivial File
Transfer Protocol</firstterm> (<acronym>TFTP</acronym>) server to
provide minimal boot files to a network client. To set up a PXE
boot service on a separate &DISTRO; server on the local network,
follow this procedure:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Install the <package>tftp-server</package>,
<package>dhcp</package>, and <package>syslinux</package>
packages:</para>
<screen><command>su -c 'yum install tftp-server
dhcp syslinux'</command></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Edit the <filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename> file to
configure the DHCP server. The following example is a minimal
configuration for a network that uses the following
configuration:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><systemitem
class="ipaddress">192.168.1.0/24</systemitem>
addressing</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Dynamic addresses provided between <systemitem
class="ipaddress">192.168.1.200</systemitem> and
<systemitem
class="ipaddress">192.168.1.240</systemitem></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>DHCP/PXE server at IP address <systemitem
class="ipaddress">192.168.1.10</systemitem></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>No other dynamic configuration provided</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<screen><computeroutput><![CDATA[allow booting;
allow bootp;
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.240;
next-server 192.168.1.10;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}]]></computeroutput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user,
copy the PXE boot image and &DISTRO; boot files to the TFTP
server directory.</para>
<screen><![CDATA[su -
cd /tftpboot
cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 .]]></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Copy the <filename>vmlinuz</filename> and
<filename>initrd.img</filename> files from the <filename
class="directory">pxeboot</filename> directory on distribution
media or a Web mirror to the <filename
class="directory">/tftpboot</filename> directory.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Create a minimal <filename>/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg</filename>
file:</para>
<screen><![CDATA[DEFAULT pxeboot
TIMEOUT 50
LABEL pxeboot
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND initrd=initrd.img
ONERROR LOCALBOOT 0]]></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Turn on the <systemitem class="service">dhcpd</systemitem>,
<systemitem class="service">xinetd</systemitem> and <systemitem
class="service">tftp</systemitem> services:</para>
<screen><![CDATA[su -c '/sbin/service dhcpd start'
su -c '/sbin/service xinetd start'
su -c '/sbin/chkconfig tftp on']]></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>Boot the client system and either use the required keys or
configure its BIOS to boot from its network interface using PXE. At
the boot prompt, hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> to boot the default
&DISTRO; installation image. If an error occurs, the system boots
in its normal configuration, such as a local hard disk.</para>
</appendix>
--- NEW FILE rootpassword.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-rootpassword">
<title>Set the Root Password</title>
<para>
&FED; uses a special account named <indexterm>
<primary>root account</primary>
</indexterm> <firstterm><systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem></firstterm> for system
administration. The <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
account on a Linux system is not subject to most normal account
restrictions. As the system owner or administrator, you may
sometimes require special privileges to configure or modify the
system. In those cases, use the <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> account.
</para>
<important>
<title>Using the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
Account</title>
<para>
Avoid logging in to &FC; as <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> when possible. Any
administration tools which require <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> privileges will prompt you
for the password.
</para>
</important>
<para>
The &FED; installation program requires the <systemitem
class="username">root</systemitem> password to be at least six characters
long. Because the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
account may potentially control any part of the system, use the
following guidelines to create a good password:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Use a combination of uppercase letters, lowercase letters,
numbers, punctuation and other characters.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Do not use a word or name. Obscuring the word or name with
substitute characters is not effective.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Do not use the same password for more than one system.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The following are examples of good passwords:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<systemitem>f9*@1Ls99A</systemitem>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<systemitem>HL8$391%%rb</systemitem>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<systemitem>Iwtb,10^th</systemitem>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Enter the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password
into the <guilabel>Root Password</guilabel> field. &FED; displays
the characters as asterisks for security. Type the same password
into the <guilabel>Confirm</guilabel> field to ensure it is set
correctly. After you set the root password, select
<guibutton>Next</guibutton> to proceed.
</para>
</chapter>
<!--
Local variables:
mode: xml
fill-column: 72
End:
-->
--- NEW FILE rpm-info.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE rpm-info PUBLIC "-//Fedora//DTD Docs RPM-INFO V1.0//EN" "http://docs.fedoraproject.org/dtds/rpm-info.dtd">
<rpm-info>
<colophon>
<worker surname="Ellis" firstname="Stuart" othername="" id="StuartEllis" email="stuart at elsn.org" wholename="Stuart Ellis" initials="SE"/>
<worker surname="Frields" firstname="Paul" othername="W." id="PaulWFrields" email="stickster at gmail.com" wholename="Paul W. Frields" initials="PWF"/>
<worker email="Tommy.Reynolds at MegaCoder.com" firstname="Tommy" id="megacoder" initials="JTR" surname="Reynolds" wholename="Tommy Reynolds"/>
<worker email="kwade at redhat.com" firstname="Karsten" id="quaid" initials="KW" surname="Wade" wholename="Karsten Wade"/>
</colophon>
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<license>
<rights>OPL</rights>
<version>1.0</version>
</license>
<copyright>
<year>2006</year>
<holder>Red Hat, Inc.</holder>
<holder>Stuart Ellis</holder>
<holder>Paul W. Frields</holder>
</copyright>
<title>Fedora 7 Installation Guide</title>
<desc>Provides documentation for the installation process.</desc>
<changelog order="newest-first">
<revision date="2007-07-06" number="7.0.1">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Bug fixes in URIs (#244557, #246039)</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2007-05-23" number="7.0.0">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Finish changes for F7 first edition</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2007-05-06" number="6.93.1">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Versioning change, and update somewhat for F7</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2007-01-28" number="1.35.2">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Fix Mac OS X burning instructions (#225051)</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-12-18" number="1.35.1">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Fix download URL (#220100)</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-10-07" number="1.35">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Bugfixes, most minor</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-08-27" number="1.34" role="doc">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Major reorganization for better workflow</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-08-20" number="1.33" role="doc">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Added information on additional repos and other fixes.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-04-30" number="1.32" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Amended USB media instructions to use dmesg.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-04-30" number="1.31" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Improved LVM and partitioning information.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-04-30" number="1.30" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Amended section on formatting USB media.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-04-30" number="1.29" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Noted that Fedora package tools require network access.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-04-05" number="1.28.1" role="doc">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Provided extra CD burning information.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-04-04" number="1.28" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Fixed Soundcard screenshot links.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-03-29" number="1.27" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Reenabled Sound Card section.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-03-14" number="1.26" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Removed obsolete admonition.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-03-12" number="1.25" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated to match Rawhide.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-03-04" number="1.24" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated First Boot section.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-03-03" number="1.23" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Boot options broken out into clearer subsections.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-03-01" number="1.22" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Added Xen material.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-02-10" number="1.21" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated First Boot.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-02-10" number="1.20" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Screenshot changes.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-02-10" number="1.19" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated screenshots.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-02-09" number="1.18" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Added the task selection screen.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-02-02" number="1.17" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Added section on remote logging.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-01-29" number="1.16" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated indexing.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-01-26" number="1.15" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated Package Selection screen for test2.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-01-23" number="1.14" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated for FC5 test2.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="Tue Jan 17 2006" number="0" role="rpm">
<author worker="megacoder"/>
<details>Added initial empty RPM revision to test packaging.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-01-16" number="1.13" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Added information on driver disks.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-01-11" number="1.12" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Minor fixes to Boot Options.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2006-01-09" number="1.11" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Expanded Technical References section.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-12-22" number="1.1" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Amended Management Options section.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-12-22" number="1.0.9" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated Management Options section.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-12-14" number="1.0.8" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Added Technical References section.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-12-12" number="1.0.7" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Added Management Options section.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-12-10" number="1.0.6" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated sections on installation methods.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-12-08" number="1.0.5" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Updated partitioning section.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-12-06" number="1.0.4" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Added material on updating the new installation.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-12-04" number="1.0.3" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Reorganized to match anaconda screens.</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-11-25" number="1.0.2" role="doc">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Additional reorganization for clarity; information on /home partition</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-11-20" number="1.0.1rc1" role="doc">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Reorganization of introductory material</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-06-10" number="1.0" role="doc">
<author worker="quaid"/>
<details>Release version</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-06-08" number="1.0rc1" role="doc">
<author worker="quaid"/>
<details>Publication edit and declaration of release candidate</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-05-15" number="0.7" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>Additional style editing and indexing</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-05-10" number="0.6.3" role="doc">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Style editing, removed "nextsteps" from build</details>
</revision>
<revision date="2005-04-30" number="0.6.2" role="doc">
<author worker="StuartEllis"/>
<details>First commission to CVS, plus very minor parent file edits</details>
</revision>
</changelog>
</rpm-info>
--- NEW FILE techref.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<!-- $Id: -->
<appendix id="ap-techref">
<title>Other Technical Documentation</title>
<para>
This document provides a reference for using the &FC; installation
software, known as <command>anaconda</command>. To learn more about
<indexterm>
<primary>Anaconda</primary>
</indexterm>
<command>anaconda</command>, visit the project Web page:
<ulink url="http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda"/>.
</para>
<para>
Both <command>anaconda</command> and &FC; systems use a common set
of software components. For detailed information on key
technologies, refer to the Web sites listed below:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Boot Loader</term>
<listitem>
<para>
&FC; uses the
<indexterm>
<primary>GRUB</primary>
<secondary>documentation</secondary>
</indexterm>
<command>GRUB</command> boot loader. Refer to
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/> for more
information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Disk Partitioning</term>
<listitem>
<para>
&FC; uses <command>parted</command> to partition disks. Refer
to <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/"/> for more
information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Storage Management</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>LVM</primary>
<secondary>documentation</secondary>
</indexterm>
Logical Volume Management (LVM) provides administrators with a
range of facilities to manage storage. By default, the &FED;
installation process formats drives as LVM volumes. Refer to
<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/"/> for more
information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Audio Support</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The Linux kernel used by &FC; incorporates
<indexterm>
<primary>ALSA (Advanced
Linux Sound Architecture)</primary>
</indexterm>
ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture). For more information
about ALSA, refer to the project Web site:
<ulink url="http://www.alsa-project.org/"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Graphics System</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Both the installation system and &FC; use the
<indexterm>
<primary>Xorg</primary>
</indexterm>
<command>Xorg</command> suite to provide graphical
capabilities. Components of <command>Xorg</command> manage the
display, keyboard and mouse for the desktop environments that
users interact with. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.x.org/"/>
for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Remote Displays</term>
<listitem>
<para>
&FC; and <command>anaconda</command> include
<indexterm>
<primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary>
<secondary>documentation</secondary>
</indexterm>
VNC (Virtual Network Computing) software to enable remote
access to graphical displays. For more information about VNC,
refer to the documentation on the RealVNC Web site:
<ulink url="http://www.realvnc.com/documentation.html"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Command-line Interface</term>
<listitem>
<para>
By default, &FC; uses the GNU <command>bash</command> shell to
provide a command-line interface. The GNU Core Utilities
complete the command-line environment. Refer to
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/bash.html"/> for
more information on <command>bash</command>. To learn more
about the GNU Core Utilities, refer to
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Remote System Access</term>
<listitem>
<para>
&FC; incorporates the
<indexterm>
<primary>OpenSSH</primary>
<seealso>SSH</seealso>
</indexterm>
OpenSSH suite to provide remote access to the system. The SSH
<indexterm>
<primary>SSH (Secure SHell)</primary>
<secondary>documentation</secondary>
</indexterm>
service enables a number of functions, which include access to
the command-line from other systems, remote command execution,
and network file transfers. During the installation process
<command>anaconda</command> may use the <command>scp</command>
<indexterm>
<primary>scp</primary>
<seealso>SSH</seealso>
</indexterm>
feature of OpenSSH to transfer crash reports to remote
systems. Refer to the OpenSSH Web site for more information:
<ulink url="http://www.openssh.com/"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Access Control</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>&SEL;</primary>
<secondary>documentation</secondary>
</indexterm>
&SEL; provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) capabilities
that supplement the standard Linux security features. Refer to
the &SEL; FAQ for more information:
<ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/selinux-faq/"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Firewall</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The Linux kernel used by &FC; incorporates the
<command>netfilter</command> framework to provide
<indexterm>
<primary>firewall</primary>
<secondary>documentation</secondary>
</indexterm>
firewall features. The Netfilter project website provides
documentation for both <command>netfilter</command>, and the
<command>iptables</command> administration facilities:
<ulink url="http://netfilter.org/documentation/index.html"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Software Installation</term>
<listitem>
<para>
&FC; uses
<indexterm>
<primary>yum</primary>
<secondary>documentation</secondary>
</indexterm>
<command>yum</command> to manage the RPM packages that make up
the system. Refer to
<ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/"/> for more
information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Virtualization</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>Virtualization</primary>
<secondary>documentation</secondary>
</indexterm> Virtualization provides the capability to
simultaneously run multiple operating systems on the same
computer. &FC; also includes tools to install and manage the
secondary systems on a &FED; host. You may select
virtualization support during the installation process, or at
any time thereafter. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/Virtualization"/>
for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</appendix>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES SYSTEM "fdp-entities.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-timezone">
<title>Time Zone Selection</title>
<para>
This screen allows you to specify the correct time zone for the
location of your computer. Specify a time zone even if you plan to
use <indexterm>
<primary>NTP (Network Time Protocol)</primary>
</indexterm> NTP (Network Time Protocol) to maintain the accuracy of
the system clock.
</para>
<section id="sn-selecting-timezone">
<title>Selecting a Time Zone</title>
<para>
&FED; displays on the screen two methods for selecting the time
zone. To select a time zone using the map, first place your mouse
pointer over your region on the map. Click once to magnify that
region on the map. Next, select the yellow dot that represents the
city nearest to your location. Once you select a dot, it becomes a
red <guilabel>X</guilabel> to indicate your selection.
</para>
<para>
To select a time zone using the list, select the name of the city
nearest to your location. The cities are listed in alphabetical
order.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-utc">
<title>Universal Co-ordinated Time (UTC)</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>UTC (Universal Co-ordinated time)</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)</primary>
<see>UTC</see>
</indexterm>
<para>For purposes of addressing time zones, Universal Co-ordinated
Time is also known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).</para>
<para>
If &FC; is the only operating system on your computer, select
<guilabel>System clock uses UTC</guilabel>. The system clock is a
piece of hardware on your computer system. &FC; uses the timezone
setting to determine the offset between the local time and UTC on
the system clock. This behavior is standard for UNIX-like
operating systems.
</para>
<caution>
<title>Windows and the System Clock</title>
<para>
Do not enable the <guilabel>System clock uses UTC</guilabel>
option if your machine also runs Microsoft Windows. Microsoft
operating systems change the BIOS clock to match local time
rather than UTC. This may cause unexpected behavior under &FC;.
</para>
</caution>
<para>
Select <guibutton>Next</guibutton> to proceed.
</para>
</section>
</chapter>
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--- NEW FILE upgrading.xml ---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
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%DOC-ENTITIES;
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<!-- $Id: -->
<chapter id="ch-upgrading-system">
<title>Upgrading an Existing System</title>
<para>
The installation system automatically detects any existing
installation of &FC;. The upgrade process updates the existing
system software with new versions, but does not remove any data from
users' home directories. The existing partition structure on your
hard drives does not change. Your system configuration changes only
if a package upgrade demands it. Most package upgrades do not
change system configuration, but rather install an additional
configuration file for you to examine later.
</para>
<section id="sn-upgrade-examine">
<title>Upgrade Examine</title>
<para>
If your system contains a &FC; or &RHL; installation, a dialog
appears asking whether you want to upgrade that installation. To
perform an upgrade of an existing system, choose the appropriate
installation from the drop-down list and select
<guibutton>Next</guibutton>.
</para>
<note>
<title>Manually Installed Software</title>
<para>
Software which you have installed manually on your existing &FC;
or &RHL; system may behave differently after an upgrade. You
may need to manually recompile this software after an upgrade to
ensure it performs correctly on the updated system.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="sn-upgrading-bootloader">
<title>Upgrading Boot Loader Configuration</title>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>boot loader</primary>
<secondary>upgrading</secondary>
</indexterm> Your completed &FC; installation must be registered
in the <indexterm>
<primary>boot loader</primary>
<seealso>GRUB</seealso>
</indexterm> <firstterm>boot loader</firstterm> to boot properly.
A boot loader is software on your machine that locates and starts
the operating system. Refer to <xref linkend="ch-bootloader" />
for more information about boot loaders.
</para>
<para>
If the existing boot loader was installed by a Linux distribution,
the installation system can modify it to load the new &FC; system.
To update the existing Linux boot loader, select <guilabel>Update
boot loader configuration</guilabel>. This is the default
behavior when you upgrade an existing &FC; or &RHL; installation.
</para>
<para>
<firstterm>GRUB</firstterm> is the standard boot loader for &FED;.
If your machine uses another boot loader, such as
<trademark>BootMagic</trademark>, <trademark>System
Commander</trademark>, or the loader installed by Microsoft
Windows, then the &FED; installation system cannot update it.
In this case, select <guilabel>Skip boot loader
updating</guilabel>. When the installation process completes,
refer to the documentation for your product for assistance.
</para>
<para>
Install a new boot loader as part of an upgrade process only if
you are certain you want to replace the existing boot loader. If
you install a new boot loader, you may not be able to boot other
operating systems on the same machine until you have configured
the new boot loader. Select <guilabel>Create new boot loader
configuration</guilabel> to remove the existing boot loader and
install GRUB.
</para>
<para>
After you make your selection, click <guibutton>Next</guibutton>
to continue.
</para>
</section>
</chapter>
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--- NEW FILE welcome.xml ---
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%FEDORA-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY % DOC-ENTITIES SYSTEM "entities.ent">
%DOC-ENTITIES;
]>
<chapter id="ch-welcome">
<title>Welcome Dialog</title>
<para>
After the installation program loads its next stage, a welcome
dialog appears. Select <guilabel>Next</guilabel> to continue.
</para>
<section id="sn-initialize-hdd">
<title>Initializing the Hard Disk</title>
<para>If no readable partition tables are found on existing hard
disks, the installation program asks to initialize the hard disk.
This operation makes any existing data on the hard disk
unreadable. If your system has a brand new hard disk with no
operating system installed, or you have removed all partitions on
the hard disk, answer <guilabel>Yes</guilabel>.</para>
</section>
<section id="sn-raid-config">
<title>RAID or Other Nonstandard Configurations</title>
<para>Certain RAID systems or other nonstandard configurations may
be unreadable to the installation program and the aforementioned
prompt may appear. The installation program responds to the
physical disk structures it is able to detect.</para>
<warning>
<title>Detach Unneeded Disks</title>
<para>If you have a nonstandard disk configuration that can be
detached during installation and detected and configured
afterward, power off the system, detach it, and restart the
installation.</para>
</warning>
</section>
</chapter>
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